^X\i, 



I 





e 



^v 



'■J 



^^ care 



totlie 

 '^ long 



f more 

 •Iv laid 

 largely 



I, 



. So 



I 



was 



if 



:phere 



ijtlieT 



1. 



J the 



ocb 



ir 



where 

 Ma- 

 some- 



saiue 



:,rtlier 



jec 



te<l 



5tic of 



lU*^' 



to 



II 



'le^ 



Ch. XXXI.] 



EI3E OF LAND IN SWEDEN. 



193 



marine 



of more than 200 feet."^ As to tlie date of tliis last upheaval, 

 Mr. Torell has shown that it bj no means reaches back to the 

 Glacial Period^ to which the shells above alluded to belong. 

 Those shells^ so characteristic of a cold climate^ are specifi- 

 cally identical with moUusca now living in the seas of Spitz- 

 bergen, 10 degrees of latitude north of Uddevalla. But in 



near Uddevalla, Mr. Torell detected, 



of 



some 



at 



the height of 200 feet above the sea, the remains 



marine testacea, agreeing with species now proper to the 

 fauna of the adjacent and more temperate sea.f It appears, 



therefore, that the series of movements in the district under 

 consideration consisted, first, of a depression converting the 

 shallow water into deep sea at a time when the cold was very 

 severe, and then of an elevation of more than 200 feet when 

 the waters of the sea had acquired their present milder 

 temperature. 



To return now to the coast of the Baltic. I observed 

 near the shores of the Gulf of Bothnia, at Sodertelje, 16 

 miles SW. 



more than 1 



of 



Stockholm, strata of sand, claj, and marl 



marine 



inhabiting the gulf. These consist partly 

 partly of freshwater species ; but they are few in number 

 the brackishness of the water appearing to be very unfavour- 

 able to the development of testacea. The 



most 



mussel 



periwinkle of our shores {Gardium edule, Mytilus edulis, and 



Littorina Uttorea)^ together with a small tellina {T. BaMica 



L.; T. solidida, Pult.), and a few minute univalves allied to 



These live in the same water as a Lymneus, 



Paludina ulva. 



Neritina (iV, fluviatilis) 

 But the marine moUusks 



although very numerous in individuals, are dwarfish 

 scarcely ever attaining a third of the 



mentioned 



m size. 



which they acquire in the Salter waters of the 



average dimensions 



ocean. By 



this character alone a geologist would generally be able to 



^JXZTit '"'""■ '° ""''■■ !»."*-- Faun, of Sp,*„.,.,. 



t Torell, Beitrage, &c. Contributions 



18.59. 



VOL. II. 



O 



