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CHAPTER XXXV 



THEOEIES AS TO THE NATUEE OF SPECIES, AND DARWIl^ 



0:N^ NATURAL SELECTIOlSr. 



) 



OBJECTIONS URGED AGAINST THE THEORY OF TRANSMUTATION AND I.AMARCK S 



REPLIES MUMMIES OF ANIMALS AND SEEDS OF PLANTS FROM EGYPTIAN TOMBS 



IDENTICAL IN CHARACTER "WITH SPECIES NOW LIVING — LINN^F:Us' OPINION 

 THAT SPECIES HAVE BEEN CONSTANT SINCE THEIR CREATION — BROCCHl' S 

 HYPOTHESIS OF THE GRADUAL DIMINUTION OF VITAL POWER IN A SPECIES 

 "WHETHER IF NEW SPECIES ARE CREATED FROM TIME TO TIME THEIR 



FIRST APPEARANCE MUST HAVE BEEN "WITNESSED BY THE NATURALIST 



GEOFFROY ST. HILAIRE AND LAMARCK ON RUDIMENTARY ORGANS THE 



QUESTION OF SPECIES AS TREATED OF IN THE 'VESTIGES OF CREATION* MR, 



ALFRED WALLACE ON THE LAW WHICH HAS REGULATED THE INTRODUCTION 

 OF NEW SPECIES — MR. DARWIN ON NATURAL SELECTION AND MR. WALLACE 

 ON THE SAME — DARWIN'S ORIGIN OF SPECIES AND THE CHANGE OF OPINION 

 WHICH IT EFFECTED — DR. HOOKEr's FLORA OF AUSTRALIA AND HIS VIEWS 

 AS TO THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES BY VARIATION. 



from 



Objections urged against the Theory of Transmu- 

 tation AND Lamarck^ s Replies. — The theory of the 



transmutation of species, considered in the last chapter, 



ree of fayonr by many naturalists, 

 Lse, as far as possible, with the 

 repeated intervention of a P'irst Cause, as often as geological 

 monuments attest the successive appearance of new races 

 of animals and plants, and the extinction of those pre- 

 existing. But, independently of a predisposition to account, 

 if possible, for a series of changes in the organic world by 

 the regular action of secondary causes, we have seen that in 

 truth many perplexing difficulties present themselves to all 

 who attempt to establish the reality and constancy of the spe- 

 cific character. And if 



once there appears ground for 

 reasonable doubt, in regard to the constancy of species, the 



amount of transformation which thev a.rpi canable of under- 



seem 



I 



esolve itself into a mere question of 



