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f the ^''^- 



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III.] FOSSIL FOEMS EELATED TO LIVING GENEEA. 333 



happen tliat the 



m 



ever became dominant and 



gained so complete an ascendancy over the placentals in the 

 struggle for life ? The answer seems to be^ that the more 

 highly organised placentals were never able to gain access to 



from beneath the sea. It is cer- 



emerged 



mars 



antiquity^ for when we examine the bone-caves and super- 

 ficial alluvium of that part of the world, we find in them, as 

 in formations of corresponding age in Europe, the remains of 

 extinct quadrupeds ; but, instead of being referable to the 

 placental class, as in the Old 

 consist of lost snecies of kaii 



Wo 



wombat 



other 



ma 



'supials. One of these, the Diprotodon of Owen, 

 allied to the kangaroo, is of the size of a large rhinoceros ; 



NototJierium 



inferior in bulk. 



They are associated with extinct species of DasyitruSy besides 



dime 



manner 



amonc: the fossil remains of an ap*e im 



o 



My 



it, entombed in cavern and 

 Megatherium, Megalonyx, 

 nd Macrauchenia, extinct 



manner 



forms generically allied to tlie existing sloth, armadillo,, cavj, 

 capjbara, and lama. In the caves also of Brazil we meet 

 with extinct monkeys associated with the above, and they are 

 referable to the genera Cebus and Callithrix, both belonging 

 to the Platyrrhine or New- World type of quadrumana before 

 mentioned. Thirdly, if we turn to the Europteo- Asiatic and 

 African province— a region which comprises Europe, Asia, 

 and the north of Africa— geology teaches us, in like 

 that where the rein-deer, musk-ox, elephant, rhinoceros^ 

 hippopotamus, horse, and many other Old-World types now 

 prevail, there also extinct species of the same genera abounded 

 formerly at a very modern geological period. In the pre- 

 sent state of science we cannot speak of the fossil quad- 

 rumana of the same great province, because the Pliocene 

 mammalia of tropical regions have as yet been so imperfectly 

 mvestigated, and it is only within the tropics that the ape 

 and monkey tribe is at present met with. But it is worthy 



