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Ch. XXXIX.] 



IN DISPEESION OF ANIMALS. 



367 



New World 



into all parts of Ajnerica. Tliey have 

 been conveyed over in sliips, and now infest a great multitude 

 of islands and parts of that continent. In like manner the 

 Norway rat {Mus decumamis) has been imported into Eng- 

 land^ where it plunders our property in ships and houses. 



Among birds^ the house-sparroAV may be cited as a species 

 known to have extended its range with the tillage of the 

 soil. During the last century it has spread gradually over 

 Asiatic Russia towards the north and east, always fol- 

 lowing the progress of cultivation. It made its first ap- 

 pearance on the Irtisch in Tobolsk, soon after the Russians 

 had ploughed the land. It came in 1735 up the Obi to 

 Beresow, and four years after to Naryn, about fifteen degrees 

 of longitude farther east. In 1710, it had been seen in the 

 higher parts of the coast of the Lena, in the government of 



Irkutzk. 



common, but 

 Kamtschatka 



venomou 



o 



Martiniq 



man 



West 



Many parasitic insects which attack our persons, and some 

 of which are supposed to be peculiar to our species, have 

 been carried into all parts of the earth, and have as high a 

 claim as man to a universal geographical distribution. 



A great variety of insects have been transported in ships 

 from one country to another, especially in warmer latitudes. 

 The European house-fly has been introduced in this way into 

 all the South Sea Islands. Notwithstandii 

 our climate in England, we have been unaL.v. .^ j^^. 

 cockroach [Blatta orientalis) from entering and 

 itself in our ovens and kneading-troughs, and availino- itself 



t> 



vent the 

 diffusing 



of the artificial warmth which we afford. It is well known 



kinds of ligniperdous 



also that beetles 



many 



insects, have been introduced into Great Britain in timber ; 

 especially several North-American species. ' The commercial 

 relations,' says Malte-Brun,t 'between France and India, 



! ^loger Aband. der Vogel, p. 103 ; Pallas, Zoog. Rosso-Asiat., torn. ii. p. 197. 

 t Syst. of Geog., toI. viii. p. 169. 



