472 



DISTINCT RACES OF MAN 



[Ch. XLIII. 





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country, they liave, as in tlie United States of America, de- 

 viated in an appreciable degree from tlie original type, in 



equent intermarriage of the n 

 ning from the mother countr 

 become more ansrnlar and mn 



The form 



plexion darker, and the face longer and thinner. The intel- 

 lp(?tna1 R,nd moral powers of the Anprlo-Ameriean hn^r(^. nnf. 



him 



comm 



glish settlers in Australia have varied somewhat 



manner 



of the Anglo-Americans. Grant that even 

 a slight change can be superinduced in two centuries, what 

 may not thousands of centuries have effected when the new 

 settlers were wandering into zones of latitude far more distinct 



t? 



North 



We may, however, concede to Mr. Wallace that v>rhen first 

 mankind emerged from its primitive dwelling-place and began 

 to people the unoccupied continents and islands, the forma- 



may 



proceeded at a some 



faster rate than now. After having been for a long time 

 as strictly confined to one district as are now the chim- 

 panzee or orang-utan, being still in a state of ignorance and 

 barbarism somewhat lower than that of the Australian savas'o 

 or the Andaman islander, man may have spread in scattered 

 hunter-tribes over new latitudes, often encounterinp- very 

 ungenial climates in regions where food was abundant. Under 

 &uch circumstances the mortality of the population would be 

 great, and Natural Selection very active in giving a prefer- 

 ence to certain varieties over others. In Grreat Britain and 

 Belgium it has been shown by statistical returns that about 

 one tenth of the population die before they are a month old, 

 and one fourth in early childhood. If in the newly settled 

 territories the transitions from the extremes of heat and cold 

 were frequent, those individuals who had weak lungs would be 

 the victims, whereas in other regions where the temperature 

 was very equable throughout the year, these same persons 

 ^ht be the most healthy and most likely to grow up and 



mi 





become the progenitors of the race destined to people the 

 newly occupied district. So of other variations— in some 



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