rr 



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r 



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e 



orld. 



• . , ■" for. 



[^ sup. 

 '■'^ proto- 

 i Aiueriea 



tis bodilj 

 related ti 



differinop 

 ^'^. But 



u 



chanws 

 lav have 



* 



1 extinct 



hout tlie 

 Andes 



n^iiia, 



e 



0111 one 



■jliipe- 



id tlie 

 iidaiT 



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 less 



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? 



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f 



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Ch. XLIII.l DISTINCTNESS OF EUROPEAN AND NEGRO. 



475 



adorned with a beard^ the stature equal to that of the 



European 



The intellectual and moral characteristics of the 



two races are also described as strongly contrasted. These 

 Papuans are found in New Guinea^ while the Malays inhabit 

 Borneo, two large islands almost exactly agreeing in climate 

 and physical features, and within 300 miles of each other, and 

 yet in which there is as total a diversity of animal productions 

 as there is distinctness in the races of man. If w^e assume 

 that these two races came originally from a common stock, 

 we must suppose that they have been each of them separately 

 exposed for hundreds of generations to a distinctness of 

 external conditions analogous to that which, according to the 

 theory of Transmutation, has, in the course of a much longer 



period, produced the discordance of species observed in the 

 Indian and Australian regions. 



Distinctness of Negro and European^ andqiiestion of rmiltiiple 



origin of man. — It must be admitted, however, that we cannot 



so easily account for the differentiation of the Papuan and 



the Malay races as w^e can understand how the Negro ac- 



quired characters so different from all other members of the 

 human family. Por the natural barriers of the Ethiopian 

 province, with the ocean on three sides and the great 



desert (submerged in Pliocene times) on the fourth, may well 



be supposed to have cut off for an indefinite lapse of ages a 

 barbarous population from all intercourse with the rest of 

 mankind, and to have given to peculiar external conditions 



w 



an opportunity of fixing certain variations and forming a race 

 without parallel in other parts of the world. The divergence, 

 indeed, of the Negro from the European, not only in the colour 

 of his skin, the texture and mode of growth of his hair, his 

 features, the proportion of his limbs, and the average size of 

 the brain, has led some naturalists to maintain that he is 

 more than a mere variety of mankind, and ought to rank as 

 a separate species. 



Professor Agassiz, without going so far, believes neverthe- 

 less that the parent stocks from which these and other 

 leading varieties have descended were originally distinct. 

 According to him, a great number of individuals of each of 

 the principal races of man were called into being when the 



\ 



