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 deni 



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 Miocene 



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Ch. xliil] 



TIIEOJIY OF TKANSMUTATION. 



483 



are coiidncted to tlie Post-Pliocene or quaternary species of 

 Europe and America, till we end with tlie two existing- 

 elephants of India and Africa. Again of the rhinoceros 

 family, besides the five living species, fifteen extinct ones are 

 enumerated, and in addition, to these, some generic forms of 



same 



The fossil pedigree of the horse tribe is equally instructive' 



traced from the Middle 



Hippar 



of 



France, Germany, Greece and India, through the Pliocene 

 and Post-Piiocene equine species of Europe, Indi 



la, and 



America, to the living horse and ass. But the twelve equine 

 species referred by Leidy to seven genera detected in the 

 valley of the 



mations,^ are 



Niobi 



in Pliocene and Post-tertiary for- 



rom this tnhlA n« nr>f i-.o,.,-^^ t 



sufficient 



inserted in M. Gaudry's table, help to fill up many a hiatus 

 between the forms which he has recognised. The pig family, 

 as well as some carnivora, such as the liygena, have also 

 furnished ample materials in illustration of the same law of 



a gradual change of structure. 



Even the quadrumana are beginning to afford proofs of 

 the^ manner in which the existing apes have ramified from 

 their extinct prototypes, although our information respecting 

 them, whether from Pikermi or elsewhere, has been hitherto 

 almost exclusively derived from extra-tropical latitudes, 

 where there are now no living representatives of the order! 



m 



transmutation 



yet been detected in a fossil state, and each of these has 

 usually furnished but a few bones of its skeleton to the 

 osteologist. Yet they have not failed to throw much light 

 I ^'^ ~ " ' " hypothesis. The Dryopithecus of the 



Miocene era of the south of France, though specifically 

 distmct from any ape now existing, comes so near to the 

 livmg Gibbon, or long-armed ape, as not to deserve, in Pro- 

 lessor Owen's opinion, the separate generic rank assigned to 

 It by Lartet. All the other fossils of Europe and Asia have 



affinity to living species 



or genera of the Catarrliine^ 



^ See above, p. 337. 



I I 2 



\ 



