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Cii. XLIII.] 



PEOGllESSIVE DEVELOPMENT. 



487 



imiaii 



If we take the Hottentot as tlie least advanced variety of 

 the neg-ro type, we find not only the volume of the brain to 

 be far below that of the average of the European, but that 

 the two hemispheres are more syn^;ra.etrical, and that in tliis 

 and every peculiarity in which it deviates from the Caucasian 

 standard, it approaches nearer in character to the T" 

 brain. The theory therefore of Progressive Development 

 and Transmutation would lead us to anticipate that the 

 human skull of the Paleolithic Period would prove to be 

 more pithecoid than the cranium of any living race. Our 

 data are as yet too scanty to allow of our drawing safe con- 

 clusions from the fossil remains of the era in question, for 



may 



[T 



some other remains of a somewhat ape-like character, lately 

 brought to light by M. Dupont from a deposit containing 

 the relics of extinct mammalia in the Belgian caves. It 

 may also be said that there is no reason why the Paleolithic 

 cranium should be much if at all inferior to that of an 

 Austrahan, for the state of the arts in the Paleolithic Period 

 accords well with that phase of advancement which the 

 An 



stralian and some 



summary 



they first became known to Europeans. 



In the ninth chapter of the first volume, a brief 

 was given of the evidence in favour of the successive ap- 

 pearance in chronological order of fish, reptile, bird and 

 mammal, and lastly among the mammalia, the coming in of 

 those anthropomorphous species which most resemble man 

 in structure. If we then regard the advent of man as the 

 last and culminating point attained in this continuous series 

 of developments, we may well imagine that, during the tran- 

 sition from the quadrumanous to the human organisation, 

 the brain was that part w^hich underwent the chief modifica- 

 tion. And when its growth and improvement had once 

 conferred on man a decided superiority over the brutes, it 

 would continne to be the organ whicli would go on im- 

 proving, so as to give one race an advantage over others in 

 the struggle for life. 



Even if the paleontologist had obtained fossil crania of 

 an age immediately antecedent to the Paleolithic, it might 



\ 



