IO EVOLUTION 4٦ 
regarded as the descendants of a common stock, represented 
by extinct forms, like Coryphodon and Lophiodon. Basing 
the investigation on the facts of Anatomy, Embryology, and 
Geology, the genealogy of the animal and vegetal kingdoms 
has, in this manner, been more or less made out, the indefi- 
nitely remote ancestors of all plant and animal life being 
represented by the Monera, structureless, infinitely small, 
jelly-like beings, belonging neither to the animal nor to the 
vegetal kingdom. This view of the gradual development 
of existing forms of life from pre-existing ones is in har- 
mony with the conclusions of other sciences. Most eth- 
nologists are agreed that the different races of men have 
descended from a common stock, notwithstanding the 
great differences exhibited in color, shape of the head, 
and character of the hair. Philologists derive the various 
languages from one of three or four roots. The history 
of Art offers us interesting illustrations of the doctrine of 
Evolution. Thus, the present perfection of music has been 
attained only through very gradual additions from time to 
time. Modern orchestration is so complicated that one 
would hardly believe that it could have been developed 
out of the simple jingle of barbarians. Astronomers think 
it highly probable that our solar system was once a chaotic 
mass, and that from this the planets were thrown off, the ` 
central body becoming later the Sun. This theory, which is 
commonly known as the Nebular Hypothesis of La Place, 
naturally suggests the name of Kant, the famous philoso- 
pher of Königsberg, who first distinctly enunciated the view 
of the gradual development of the solar system, and the 
doctrine of Evolution in general. But as the differentiation 
of the simple into the complex, of the homogeneous into 
the heterogeneous, of which the development of race and 
language is an example, has been fully discussed by Mr. 
Herbert Spencer in his different works, we therefore pass 
on to the consideration of the objection, that while the 
