ANTHROPOILOSR 
Ir it be admitted that the different kinds of existing ani- 
mals are the modified descendants of pre-existing animals, 
then it follows necessarily that if man is an animal he 
must have descended from some pre-existing animal. Sup- 
posing the theory of the Evolution of Life to be true, the 
important question to be decided is not whether there are 
any transitional forms or links between man and this or 
that kind of animal, —though of course the discovery of such 
links would be weighty additional evidence,—but whether 
man is an animal, whether the difference between man and 
the members of the animal kingdom is one of kind or only 
of degree. Since man has a backbone, he is a vertebrate, 
and, as he is suckled when young, he is a mammal. Thus 
far naturalists are agreed as to man's place in Nature. The 
question, however, of determining the particular order of 
mammals to which man belongs, has given rise to much 
discussion. Linnaeus united in one group the half Mon- 
keys (Lemurs), the Bats, the true Monkeys, and Man, call- 
ing them Primates. Blumenbach, however, joined the true 
Monkeys with the half Monkeys,calling them Quadrumana, 
or the four-handed order, while he regarded Man as the 
representative of a distinct order, the Bimana, or two- 
handed; the term four-handed was adopted by Blumen- 
bach from the older writers. This classification was ac- 
cepted by Cuvier and most contemporary anatomists, though 
always regarded as incorrect by Geoffroy St. Hilaire, who 
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