v hereas 
cepted, 
se little 
n their 
ups of 
rils and 
liarities 
t of the 
ye brain 
animals. 
ANTHROPOLOGY. 165 
Ants, Mr. Darwin says they “communicate information to 
each other, and several unite for the same work, or games 
of play. They recognize their fellow-ants after months of 
absence. They build great edifices, keep them clean, close 
the doors in the evening, and post sentries. They make 
roads, and even tunnels under rivers. They collect food 
for the community, and when an object too large for 
entrance is brought to the nest they enlarge the door, and 
afterwards build it up again. They go out to battle in 
regular bands, and freely sacrifice their lives for the com- 
mon weal. They emigrate in accordance with a precon- 
certed plan. They capture slaves. They keep aphides as 
milch cows. They move the eggs of their aphides, as well 
— 
as their own eggs and cocoons, into warm parts of the nest, 
in order that they may be quickly hatched ; and endless 
similar facts could be given." It is incredible to suppose 
that animals could accomplish such feats without mind of 
some kind. 
The brain of the Fish is small compared to the spinal 
cord of which it is the continuation, and the parts of which 
it is composed are so arranged that no one part obscures 
the other. In Reptiles the brain is larger, and the Cerebral 
Hemispheres, the seat of the higher mental activities, 
slightly predominate over the other parts of the brain. 
This peculiarity becomes more marked in the Birds; while 
the Cerebral Hemispheres of the lower mammalia, like 
the Ornithorhynchus and the Opossum, quite overlap parts 
perfectly visible in the Fish. Ascending through the orders 
of the Mammalia, the Cerebral Hemispheres continue to 
overlap the other parts of the brain, until. finally in the 
higher Apes and Man they entirely cover the Cerebellum, 
Medulla Oblongata, etc. By comparing the mental powers 
of the different Vertebrata, we see that the gradual develop- 
ment of the brain is accompanied by a corresponding de- 
velopment of mind. The low grade of intelligence of the 
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