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ANTHROPOLOGY. 175 
his address on the primitive form of the skull, translated 
in the Anthropological Review, we find *' it follows further 
that we must place the primitive man lower in the scale 
than the rudest savage. The Neanderthal skull and the La 
Naulette jaw present characters of a low organization such 
as we do not find in any living race." 
Want of space prevents us from dwelling further on this 
subject. Suffice it to say that what is known of the rc- 
mains of primitive man confirms the view of his animal 
descent. From the transitory stages through which man 
passes in his development being more or less permanently 
retained in the lower animals, from his organization exhib- 
iting in a rudimentary condition structures which are fully 
developed in the lower animals, from abnormal characters 
such as certain muscles appearing in man which are usually 
only present in monkeys, we concluded in our chapter on 
Embryology that man had descended from some animal 
form. That this animal form, or the remote ancestor of 
man, was an ape, we have tried to show in this chapter by 
comparing the higher apes with the barbarous and the 
civilized races of men, the result of this comparison being 
that the barbarous races are more nearly allied to the 
higher apes than to the civilized man. 
While accepting the.theory that man has descended 
from an ape, it is impossible, however, to designate any 
particular ape as his remote ancestor. The apes that most 
resemble man are the Gorilla, Chimpanzee, Orang, and 
Gibbon, hence called Anthropoid Apes. Their features 
are very like those of the lower human races. (See plates 
of faces of men and monkeys.) No evolutionist, however, 
so far as we are aware, supposes man to have descended 
from one of these apes. For while each of these apes has 
something in common with man, each differs from him 
very considerably. Thus, the Gibbon resembles man in the 
thorax; the Orang, in the brain; the Chimpanzee, in the 
