all attention 
SS Over th. 
as follow 
1 of race 
ards Afrig 
; the Hot 
cendants of 
Australians, 
hree stems, 
Drave and 
dia, passed 
í the North 
ians, passing 
er Eastern 
peopled e 
2 the races 
" Asa ad 
yt is know” 
ANTHROPOLOG Y. 
179 
Archipelago, is of a yellowish color, and is brachycephalic 
in the form of the skull, like the Malays, whereas the Chim- 
panzee, found in Africa, is black and dolichocephalic, like 
the Negroes. At present it seems to us impossible to say 
which is the more probable, whether the primitive men 
came from one pair of apes, or many. [In either case, 
however, they had a common origin, since the apes are the 
posterity of a common ancestor. 
The kindred question of the origin of the different languages 
from one or many roots depends on the period at which the 
primitive men first acquired language. For if language 
was acquired by the primitive men before their posterity 
had dispersed, then the different languages would have had 
a common origin; whereas if the races had dispersed ไว ล - 
fore their ancestors had acquired a language, then the 
languages of these races would have arisen independently. 
In conclusion, it seems proper to mention that the de- 
scent of man from some ape-like form is perfectly consistent 
with the development of morality. As we noticed in the 
last chapter, among barbarous tribes there is no dependence 
of individuals upon each other, the character of the daily 
life of savages being such as not to offer much chance of 
their mutually benefiting each other; while the uniting of 
barbarians, for the purpose of attacking some other tribe, is 
unfavorable to the development of sympathy and kind 
feelings towards mankind, since war encourages murder, 
robbery, and crime of all kinds. We have shown, how- 
ever, that in the social state the relations of man to man 
are so complex that no one is independent of his fellow- 
men. To such an extent is the division of labor carried 
out in highly civilized countries that even distant nations 
have many interests in common. This is so true of some 
countries that war is dreaded and has been avoided by them, 
every one knowing that the effects would be very injurious 
to both the victorious and conquered. Notwithstanding 
