180 EVOLUTION OF LIFE. 
that the effect of the social state is the restraining of men's 
evil passions, nevertheless crimes and outrages are com- 
mitted even among the most civilized,—simply, in the 
words of Mr. Spencer, because man “ partially retains the 
characteristics that adapted him for an antecedent state. 
The respects in which he is not fitted to society are the 
respects in which he is fitted for his original predatory life. 
His primitive circumstances required that he should sacri- 
fice the welfare of other beings to his own; his present 
circumstances require that he should not do so; and in as 
far as his old attribute still clings to him, in so far is he 
unfit for the social state. All sins of men against each 
other, from the cannibalism of the Carib to the crimes and 
venalities that we see around us, have their causes com- 
prehended under this generalization." The same author 
then argues that as the gratification of passions increases, 
whereas the restraining of passions lessens, desire, and that 
the faculties develop through use, but diminish through 
disuse, man must improve, as his organization is becom- 
ing continually better fitted to his surroundings, *all evil 
resulting from the non-adaptation of constitution to condi- 
tions.” We see, therefore, that progressive morality is a 
necessary consequence of the Evolution of Life. 
RESUME. 
We conclude, from the general theory of the Evolution 
of Life, from the facts brought forward in this chapter and 
in the two preceding ones, that man has descended from 
an animal; that the remote progenitor of man was an ape, 
resembling the Gorilla and Chimpanzee; that the birthplace 
of man was situated somewhere between Southern Asia 
and Eastern Africa, in Lemuria, if such a continent existed ; 
that myriads of years have rolled by since man appeared 
on the earth; that the primitive men exhibited a grade of 
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