IV 



Tenth 



Ninth 

 Edition. I Edition. 



92] 



to [ 



113 J 

 113] 

 to \ 

 130 J 

 100] 

 and V 

 126 J 



204 



22° 



?J 



237 



271 



to 



304 



372 



370 



393 



398 



420 

 434 



447 



457 



279 



461 



PREFACE TO THE TENTH EDITION. 



Additions and Corrections. 



475 



The Tenth Chapter (corresponding in part with Chapter VI. 

 of the former edition) has also heen re- written. It treats 

 of the changes of climate, established on evidence, organic 

 and inorganic, derived from the Tertiary and Post-tertiary 



formations. 

 The Eleventh Chapter is new, treating of the proots ot tormer 



vicissitudes in climate, derived from the study of the 



Secondary and Primary fossiliferous formations. 



This Twelfth Chapter, on the geographical causes of former 



changes in climate, has heen re-written. It is illustrated 



by three new maps. 



In this Thirteenth Chapter, to which there are only a few pas- 

 sages corresponding in former editions, I have considered 

 how far former vicissitudes in climate may have been in- 

 fluenced by astronomical changes ; such as variations m 

 the excentricity of the earth's orbit, changes in the obli- 

 quity of the ecliptic, and different phases of the precession 

 of the equinoxes. Mr. Croll's suggestion as to the probable 

 effects of a large excentricity in producing glacial epochs is 

 fully discussed, and the question is entertained whether 

 geological dates may be obtained, by reference to the com- 

 bined effect of astronomical and geographical causes. 



The earth-pillars or pyramids of Botzen in the Tyrol and 

 other localities, illustrated by a drawing of Sir John 

 Herschel's, are here introduced, as showing the power ot 

 rain as distinct from that of running water. The glacial 

 origin of the formation of which the pillars are made is 



Notice SrS? theory of regelation of Tyndal and Faraday 

 in explanation of the motion of glaciers _ 



The olacier-lake of the Alps called 'the Marjelen See, de- 

 scribed and illustrated by two diagrams, and its bearing 

 on the origin of the parallel roads of Glenroy explained. 



Live fish risino- in the Artesian wells of the Sahara. 



Facts relating°to the origin of mineral and thermal waters 

 and the hot springs of Bath. , fr 



Playfair on the origin of the lake-basin of Geneva. 



Mr y Horner on the°mode of computing he antiqmty of th 

 Nile mud ; with the opinions of Mr. S. bharpe, Sir 

 Lubbock, and Mr. Wallace on the subject 



sippi discussed with r ff ^. s ^ e mp i irev s and Abbot, 

 Amazons. , Ao-assiz to indicate an 



considered. Fereusson's opinions as to the 



Delta of the Ganges-Mr. lei uu»uu ? 













