CONTENTS OF THE FIEST VOLUME. 



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CHAPTER IX. 



THEORY OF THE PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC LIFE 



AT SUCCESSIVE GEOLOGICAL PERIODS. 



Theory of the Progressive Development of Organic Life — Evidence in its Support 

 derived from Fossil Plants — Fossil Animals — Mollusca — Whether they have ad- 

 vanced in Grade since the Earliest Rocks were formed — High Antiquity of Ce- 

 phalopoda Slight Indications of Progress afforded by Fossil Fish — Advance and 



Retroo-radation of Fossil Reptiles — Land Animals of Remote Periods why rare 

 F oss il Birds— Mammalia — Stonesfield Marsupials — Absence of Cetacea in Se- 

 condary Rocks — Successive Appearance of the great Sub-classes of Mammalia 

 of advancing Grade in Chronological Order — Modern Origin of Man — Introduc- 

 tion of Man, to what extent a Change in the System . . page 146 



CHAPTER X. 



FURTHER CONSIDERATION OF THE AGREEMENT OF THE ANCIENT AND 



MODERN CAUSES OF CHANGE — VICISSITUDES IN CLIMATE. 



Arguments derived from former Differences in Climate — The Reality of such 

 former Differences considered — Climate of the Ages of Bronze and of Stone 

 Fossil Quadrupeds and Shells of the Drift— Temperature implied by the Re- 

 mains of the Mammoth and other Extinct Quadrupeds — Carcasses of the Ele- 

 phant and Rhinoceros preserved in the Frozen Mud of Siberia — Important 

 Bearing of the Condition of these Fossil Remains on the Theory of Climate 

 Variation in the Temperature of Post-glacial Times — Organic and Inorganic 

 Proofs of Great Cold in the Glacial Epoch — Inter-glacial Periods of Durnten 

 and Cromer — British Pliocene Strata, showing Transition from Warmer to 

 Colder Climate — The Signs of Warm Temperature afforded by Italian Pliocene 



a Climate of Central Europe in Upper Miocene Times — Reptiles 



Strata— Warm Climate of Central Europe in Upper Miocene Time 

 and Quadrumana — Fossils of the Siwalik Hills — Upper Miocene Strata of West 

 Indies — Warm Climate implied by Lower Miocene Fauna and Flora — Miocene 

 Forest Trees in High Arctic Latitudes — High Temperature of the Eocene Period 

 — Supposed Signs of Ice-action implied by Erratic Blocks of Upper Miocene 

 and Middle Eocene Conglomerates .174 



CHAPTER XL 



■ 



former vicissitudes in climate — continued. 



■ 



Warm Climate implied by the Fossils of the Chalk — Cretaceous Reptiles — How far 

 extinct Genera and Orders may enable us to infer the Temperature of Ancient 

 Climates — Evidence of Floating Ice in the Sea of the White Chalk of England 

 -Warm Climate of the Oolitic and Triassic Periods — Wide Range of the same 

 Fauna from South to North — Abundance and wide Range of Reptiles implies a 

 general Absence of severe Cold — The Non-existence of contemporary Mammalia 

 will not explain the Predominance of Reptiles in High Latitudes — Permian Fossils 

 •Supposed signs of Ice-action in the Permian Period — Uniformity of the Fossil 

 Flora over wide Areas — Melville Island Coal-plants — How far the Absence of 

 flowering Plants vitiates our Inferences as to ancient Climates — Whether the 



