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CONTENTS OF THE FIEST VOLUME. 



# • • 



Xlll 



and uninterrupted Series of Changes -Threefold Consideration of this Subject; 

 First, in reference to the Laws which govern the Formation of Fossiliferous 

 Strata, and the Shifting of the Areas of Sedimentary Deposition ; Secondly, in 

 reference to the Living Creation, Extinction of Species, and Origin of New 

 Animals and Plants ; Thirdly, in reference to the Changes produced in the 

 Earth's Crust by the Continuance of Subterranean Movements in certain Areas, 



-On the combined 

 Influence of all these Modes and Causes of Change in producing Breaks and 

 Chasms in the Chain of Eecords— Concluding Eemarks on the Identity of the 

 Ancient and Present System of Terrestrial Changes . . page 305 



and their Transference after long Periods to new Areas 



BOOK II. 



CHANGES IN THE INORGANIC WORLD NOW IN PROGRESS 



CHAPTER XV. 



AQUEOUS CAUSES. 



Division of the Subject into Changes of the Organic and Inorganic World — Inor- 

 ganic Causes of Change divided into Aqueous and Igneous — Aqueous Causes 

 first considered — Fall of Rain — Recent Rain-prints in Mud — Earth-pyramids 

 formed by Rain in the Tyrol and Swiss Alps — Dwarfs Tower near Viesch — 



Destroying and Transporting Power of Running Water — Newly formed Valleys 

 in Georgia — Sinuosities of Rivers — Two Streams when united do not occupy a 

 Bed of Double Surface — -Inundations in Scotland — Floods caused by Landslips 

 in the White Mountains — Bursting of a Lake in Switzerland — Devastations 

 caused by the Anio at Tivoli — Excavations in the Lavas of Etna by Sicilian 



Rivers — Gorge of the Simeto 



Gradual Recession of the Cataract of Niagara 



327 



CHAPTER XVI. 



TRANSPORTATION OF SOLID MATTER BY ICE. 



Carrying Power of River-Ice — Rocks annually conveyed into the St. Lawrence by 

 its Tributaries — Ground-ice; its Origin and Transporting Power — Glaciers 

 Theory of their Downward Movement — Smoothed and Grooved Rocks— -The 

 Moraine Unstratified — Terrace or Beach formed by a Glacier-Lake in Switzer- 

 land — Icebergs covered with Mud and Stones— Limits of Glaciers and Icebergs 

 Their Effects on the Bottom when they run aground— Packing of Coast-Ice 

 Boulders drifted by Ice on Coast of Labrador— Blocks moved by Ice in the 



Baltic 



363 



CHAPTER XVII. 









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PHENOMENA OF SPRINGS. 



Origin of Springs — Artesian Wells — Borings at Paris — Live Fish rising in the 

 Artesian Wells in the Sahara — Distinct Causes by which Mineral and Thermal 

 Waters may be raised to the Surface — Their Connection with Volcanic Agency 



