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CONTENTS OF THE FIEST VOLUME. 



xv 



CHAPTER XXI. 



action of tides and currents — continued. 



Inroads of the Sea at the Mouths of the Rhine in Holland— Changes in the Arms 

 of the Rhine— Proofs of Subsidence of Land— Estuary of the Bies Bosch, formed 

 in 1421— Zuyder Zee, in the Thirteenth Century— Islands destroyed— Delta of 

 the Ems converted into a Bay — Estuary of the Dollart formed — Encroachment 

 of the Sea on the Coast of Sleswick— on the Shores of North America— Tidal 



called the Bore — Influence of Tides and Currents on the Mean Level of 



Wave 



Cimbrian Deluge 



Seas— Action of Currents in Inland Lakes and Seas — Baltic- 

 Lake Erie— Straits of Gibraltar— No Under-Current there— Varying Depth 

 and Temperature of the Mediterranean .... 



page 548 



CHAPTER XXII. 



REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS OF TIDES AND CURRENTS. 



Depositing Power of Tidal Currents — Silting up of Estuaries does not compen- 

 sate the Loss of Land on the Borders of the Ocean — Bed of the German Ocean 

 Composition and Extent of its Sand-banks — Strata deposited by Currents in 



On the Shores of the Mediterranean — at the Mouths of 

 the Amazons, Orinoco, and Mississippi — Wide Area over which Strata may be 

 formed by this Cause 548 



the English Channel 



CHAPTER XXIII. 



IGNEOUS CAUSES. 



Changes in the Inorganic World, continued — Igneous Causes — Division of the 

 Subject — Distinct Volcanic Regions — Region of the Andes — System of Volcanos 

 extending from the Aleutian Isles to the Molucca and Sunda Islands — Poly- 

 nesian Archipelago — Volcanic Region extending from Central Asia to the Azores 

 Tradition of Deluges on the Shores of the Bosphorus, Hellespont, and Grecian 

 Isles — Periodical Alternation of Earthquakes in Syria and Southern Italy — 

 Western Limits of the European Region — Earthquakes rarer and more feeble 

 as we recede from the Centres of Volcanic Action — Extinct Volcanos not to 



be included in Lines of Active Vents 



. 575 



CHAPTER XXIV. 



VOLCANIC DISTRICT OF NAPLES. 



History of the Volcanic Eruptions in the District round Naples — Early Convulsions 

 in the Island of Ischia — Numerous Cones thrown up there — Lake Avernus — The 

 Solfatara — Renewal of the Eruptions of Vesuvius, a.d. 79 — Pliny's Description 

 of the Phenomena — His Silence respecting the Destruction of Herculaneum and 

 Pompeii — Subsequent History of Vesuvius — Lava discharged in Ischia in 

 1302 — Pause in the Eruptions of Vesuvius — Monte Nuovo thrown up— Uni- 

 formity of the Volcanic Operations of Vesuvius and Phlegraean Fields in Ancient 



and Modern Times 



598 



