174 



CHAPTER X. 



FURTHER CONSIDERATION OF THE AGREEMENT OF THE ANCIENT 

 AND MODERN CAUSES OF CHANGE VICISSITUDES IN CLIMATE 



ARGUMENTS DERIVED FROM FORMER DIFFERENCES IN CLIMATE — THE REALITY 

 OF SUCH FORMER DIFFERENCES CONSIDERED — CLIMATE OF THE AGES OF 

 BRONZE AND OF STONE — FOSSIL QUADRUPEDS AND SHELLS OF THE DRIFT 

 TEMPERATURE IMPLIED BY THE REMAINS OF THE MAMMOTH AND OTHER 

 EXTINCT QUADRUPEDS — CARCASSES OF THE ELEPHANT AND RHINOCEROS PRE- 

 SERVED IN THE FROZEN MUD OF SIBERIA IMPORTANT BEARING OF THE 



CONDITION OF THESE FOSSIL REMAINS ON THE THEORY OF CLIMATE — VARIA- 

 TION IN THE TEMPERATURE OF POST-GLACIAL TIMES ORGANIC AND INOR- 

 GANIC PROOFS OF GREAT COLD IN THE GLACIAL EPOCH — INTER-GLACIAL 



PERIODS OF DURNTEN AND CROMER BRITISH PLIOCENE STRATA, SHOWING 



TRANSITION FROM WARMER TO COLDER CLIMATE THE SIGNS OF WARM 



TEMPERATURE AFFORDED BY ITALIAN PLIOCENE STRATA — WARM CLIMATE OF 

 CENTRAL EUROPE IN UPPER MIOCENE TIMES — REPTILES AND QUAD- 



RUMANA — FOSSILS OF THE SIWALIK HILLS UPPER MIOCENE STRATA 



OF WEST INDIES WARM CLIMATE IMPLIED BY LOWER MIOCENE FAUNA AND 



FLORA MIOCENE FOREST TREES IN HIGH ARCTIC LATITUDES — HIGH TEMPE- 

 RATURE OF THE EOCENE PERIOD — SUPPOSED SIGNS OF ICE-ACTION IMPLIED BY 

 ERRATIC BLOCKS OF UPPER MIOCENE AND MIDDLE EOCENE CONGLOMERATES. 



if the Northern Hemisphere ft 



different. — An- 



other objection to the theory which endeavours to explain 

 all geological changes by reference to causes now in action is 

 founded on the former prevalence of climates hotter than 

 those now experienced in corresponding latitudes. We have 



Hooke 



temperature 



of the ancient sea on the occurrence of fossil turtles and 



in the Portland oolite. In later times the shells 



ammonites 



many 



dary formations, were appealed to as confirmatory of the 



same 



of the fossil flora of the ancient carboniferous rocks as favour- 

 able to the same doctrine. All indications of a high teni- 





(* 



%\ 



of very m 



rature of 



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i the pr< 



kebe 

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