t 



X 









i 







^ 



d; 



::. 





I 



ie 



v 







itude 

 ireftd 



any 



i the 



tho 













1 the 



i/ii/iO- 



than 



■hood. 



3 two, 



tinent 



The 



>r, aiv 



three 

 not 



jgtiie 



and * 



tit 





IS 





otf 



of 



Ch. X.] 



AND CAVE DEPOSITS. 



193 



the opinion, that the men of the early stone period had often 

 to contend with a climate more severe than that now pre- 

 vailing in the same parts of Europe. * The late Edward 

 Forbes compared the condition of Britain and the neighbour- 

 ing parts of the continent, during the period next preceding 

 the historical, to the ' barren grounds ? of Boreal America, 

 including the Canadas, Labrador, Rupert's Land, and the 

 countries northwards where the reindeer, musk ox, wolf, 

 arctic fox, and white bear now live.f But we find in some 

 parts of the drift evidence of a conflicting character, such as 



more 



cenial seasons of sufficient duration to allow of the mi 



t> 



mammalia 



g from another and 

 that their remains 



were buried in river gravels at the same level as the bones 

 of animals and shells of a more northern climate. If we 

 allow a vast lapse of ages for the accumulation of the drift, 



we may take for granted that there must 



changes in climate, owing sometimes to geographical and 

 sometimes to astronomical causes, which will be treated ot 

 in the twelfth chapter. Bones of the hippopotamus, of a 

 species closely allied to that now inhabiting the Nile, are 

 often accompanied in the valley of the Thames and else- 



where by a species of bivalve 



fl 



living in the Nile and ranging through a great part of Asia 

 as far as Tibet, but quite extinct in the rivers of Europe. 



alluvium 



find at 



mussel 



but abounding in France in rivers more southern than the 



Thames. 



Hyd 



met with in the drift, a species now inhabiting more southern 

 latitudes in Europe. The kind of elephant and rhinoceros 

 accompanying the Cyrena at Grays (K antiquus and B. me- 

 garhinus) are not the same as the mammoth and rhinoceros 

 which occur with their flesh in the ice and frozen mud of 

 Liberia, or in those assemblages of mammalia which have 



* Ant. of Man, 3rd edit., Appendix, Forbes, in the Memoirsjpf GeoL Sur- 

 t See an admirable essay by E. 



vey of Great Brit., vol. i. p. 336. 1846. 



VOL. i. 







