

H 



& 





'^ 



N 



»nt 





% 



*4 



i 



l 



fioc 



re. 

 ene 



ien.i 



•a i 



•er<. of 



•utheni 

 f ties 





se 







'rically. 



might 



;al and 



s globe, 



such 



the ker- 



he pre- 

 j rater 



climate, 

 )f those 



.te. Tie 





Pliocene 



,re con- 



lien 





m 



[eft one 



,ecies 

 in P 



;ta 





to * I 



Ch. X.] 



FOSSILS OF THE SIWALIK HILLS. 



201 



southern part of Cornwall .* In Greece also, near Athens, 



met 

 temperature 



of Europe previously drawn by naturalists from the fossils, 

 shells, and corals of Touraine, Bordeaux, and Vienna. 



i 



It IS 



small 



interest to have learnt that when the climate of Europe was 

 sub-tropical, a still greater heat prevailed nearer the equator. 

 Our best information on this subject is afforded by the 

 investigations of Dr. Falconer and Sir Proby Cautley, who 



remains 



-7 ; ^ 



Hills which skirt the southern base of the Himalay 



to the west of the river Jumna. Here 



abundance and 



variety of the fossil mammalia is prodigious, there being no 

 less than seven species of proboscidians of the genera ma- 

 stodon and elephant. With these a huge extinct four-horned 



" , as well as a camel, 



•mm 



mor 



key. The associated reptiles also bear witness to a tem- 

 perature higher than that of any European strata of the same 

 date, for, besides some extinct saurians larger than any now 

 existing, we find among 



them the living crocodile of the 

 i-TiA livinp- P-avial of the same river. 



besides a colossal extinct tortoise, of which the shell was no 



les 



s 



ght feet in diameter 



if the West 



— If again we turn 



to the Upper Miocene formations of the West Indies, those, for 



omm 



in them species of corals similar to those found in beds of 

 the same age at Vienna, Bordeaux, and Turin, and some of 

 which, as Dr. Duncan has shown, have a near affinity to 

 species now living in the South Sea, Indian Ocean, and Red 

 Sea. They lead irresistibly to the opinion that there was a 

 much greater analogy in those ages than there is now between 

 the temperature of the 



West 



s 



in lat. 18° and that of 



t 



•If we then pass from 



Of 



* Owen, Geol. Trans., 1862, and Geo- 

 logist, 1862, p. 247. 



to 



f Duncan, West Indian Corals, Quart 

 Geol. Journ., p. 455, vol. xix. 1863. 



