63G 



ELEVATION CRATERS NOT APPLICABLE 



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and from b to c white pumiceous tuffs abound, some beds 

 having a steep, others a very slight dip, while towards the 

 plain at d modern tufaceous alluvium is spread over the 



surface. 



In no one of the tuffs in these sections have any marine 



Fig. 68 



Vesuvius 



Monte So mm ci 



Section of the north side of Monte Soramii and Vesuvius 



shells been found ; but, what is still more decisive of the sub- 

 aerial origin of the whole mass, is the frequent occurrence of 

 the leaves of ferns and of dicotyledonous shrubs and trees. 

 These have been found in the valleys above St. Sebastian as 

 well as above St. Anastasia and Ottajano — in a word, along 

 the w^hole range of the flanks of the mountain, from east to 

 west. Sometimes trunks of trees and carbonised wood occur 

 in the tuffs at heights of 1,000 and 2,000 feet above the 

 sea, as in the valley of the Casa delF Acqua. Leaves of the 

 oak are not uncommon, but those of the butcher's broom, 

 Buscus aculeatus, are by far the most frequent. I believe that 



a rich terrestrial flora will one day be obtained from these 

 tuffs . 



Fossil sea-shells have been found in ejected fragments of 

 sandstone and tuff in the older parts of Vesuvius on the side 

 of Naples at the height of 972 feet above the sea; especially 

 at a place near the "Fosso Grande called the Eivo di Quaglia, 

 which I visited with Signor Gruiscardi. That gentleman has 

 published an account of about a hundred species of marine 

 shells, all of them save one, Buccinum semistratum, of species 

 now living in the Mediterranean, which he has obtained from 

 fragments of tuff and sandstone cast up into the air at some 



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