1911] Fernald,— Book Review 215 
that a work on phytogeography should be based on a elear under- 
standing of identities and of the geographic ranges of plants. 
The extracts which have been taken literally from our best observers 
are of course good as extracts; but the uncritical character of the 
author’s judgment of what he has found printed and his inadequate 
consists of Plantago maritima, Ligusticum scot[hlicum, ..... „while the 
waves roll in tangled masses of Vallisneria spiralis.”’ 
[There are many peculiar features about the N ewfoundland flora but even 
there, just as on our mainland coast, the Eelgrass of the sea-margin is Zostera 
marina. Vallisneria, it seems superfluous to state, is a plant of fresh water 
and is unknown in Newfoundland as the author himself implies when he states 
elsewhere (p. 316) that it oceurs only south of latitude 48°. The original 
author (John Bell) from whom Harshberger has apparently copied the state- 
ment about Vallisneria (as well as several other errors) was describing the head 
of Bay St. George in latitude 48°, 30’. A safer man to copy would have been 
Bachelot de la Pylaie, who in deseribing Bay St. George wrote: “Le zostera 
forme dans les anses des prairies sousmarines, ä& quelques d&cimötres au- 
dessous du niveau des basses eaux des marses de lune; ses longues feuilles 
graminiformes flottent alors eouch6es & la surface de la mer.” (la Pylaie, 
Voyage & l’Ile de Terre-Newve, 70).).— 
[p. 354] “Coniferous Forest Formation of Neufoundland... the 
higher ground inland may bei [be] covered with bushes of Juniperus 
communis, Taxus canadensis, Lyonia (Chamaedaphne) calyculata 
(Juniperus-Taxus Association).” 
[Certainly not a very cordial “Association”! For in Newfoundland the 
only representative of Juniperus communis is the var. monlana, growing ordi- 
„narily on the dry rocky or sandy areas or on bleak mountain ledges; Tarus 
" canadensis there, as elsewhere, is a shrub chiefly of deep rich woodlands and 
by the distinguished Newfoundland geologist, the late Alexander Murray, was 
considered an indicator of the best land on the island; and Chamaedaphne 
is a typical shrub of wet bogs and flooded pond-margins. 5 In other words, 
this “ Juniperus-Taxus Association” of “the higher ground ” is largely imagi- 
nary and is made up of plants which rarely if ever associate. 
[p. 354] “ Remarkable herbaceous plants of the forest [in Newfound- 
