18 Part I. Chapter ı. 
of West Virginia issued from the Field Columbian Museum Chicago 1896 by 
CHARLES F. MILLSPAUGH and LAWRENCE W. NUTTALL; Timber Trees and 
Forests of North Carolina by GIFFORD PincHOT and W. W. Ashe ‘1897; 
the Plants covering of Ocracoke Island by THoMAs H. KEARNEY 1900; the 
Insular Flora of Mississippi and Louisiana by Francıs E. LLovD and 
S. M. TRACY 1901; Plant Life of Alabama issued as volume six of Contribu- 
tions from the United States National Herbarium ıg0o1ı by CHARLES MOHR; 
Report on a Botanical Survey of the Dismal Swamp Region by THOMAS 
H. KEARNEY 1901; the Flora of Tennessee by AUGUST GATTINGER; a Phyto- 
geographical Sketch of the Altamaha Grit Region by ROLAND M. HARPER (1906). 
Finally-a work published in New York in 1903 superceded the manuals of 
Southern botany previously published, when JoHN K. SMALL published his 
volume of 1370 pages entitled Flora of the Southeastern United States. 
This book already noticed in the introduction will long remain the authoritative 
work on flora of the South. 
V. Prairies, Arid Plains and Rocky Mountains. 
At this point it is necessary to give some account of the early explorers 
and explorations that made known the south, middle west and the Rocky 
Mountain region. Probably the first extensive trip was undertaken by JOHN 
BARTRAM of Philadelphia. Neither dangers nor difficulties impeded or con- 
fined his researches after objects in natural history. The summits of the eastern 
mountains were ascended and explored by him. The lakes Ontario and George; 
the shores and sources of the rivers Hudson, Delaware, Schuylkill, Susquehanna, 
Alleghany were visited by him at an early period, when it was a perilous 
undertaking to travel in the territories, or even on the frontier. The results of 
this journey are recorded in Observations on the Inhabitants, Climate, Soil, 
Rivers, Productions made by Mr. JOHN BARTRAM in his travels from Penn- 
sylvania to Onondaga, Oswego and Lake Ontario 1751. He traveled several 
thousand miles in Carolina and Florida, Arriving at Charlestown by sea he 
proceeded to St. Augustine, Florida and explored the St. Johns River of which 
he made an accurate draft and survey. His son WıLLIAM BARTRAM traveled 
extensively in the southern states and an account of these journeys appeared 
in a book entitled Travels through North and South, East and West Florida 
1791. PETER KALM, comes next as an explorer of North America and 
after spending sometime in the states, he proceeded by way of Albany and 
Lake Champlain to Canada making a somewhat prolonged stay at Quebec. 
His extensive collections went to LINNAEUS of whose herbarium they formed 
a part, yet distinguished from those of others by the initial K prefixed to the ; 
name of each specimen. Following Kalm came Anprk MicHAUXx, a student 
of BERNARD DE JUSSIEU, on a similar mission in 1785. With New York City, 
as headquarters, the first seven years of his work was directed to an explora- 
tion of the southern states, as far, as Florida and during that time he gathered 
a rich harvest of material. In 1792 he visited Canada proceeding by way of 
