Floristie work. — Prairies-Rocky Mts. >21 
to the Northwestern Territory in the year 1823 were repeated upon by 
L. D. DE SCHWEINITZ in 1824. NUTTALL and JOHN K. TOWNSEND sent out 
jointly by the American Philosophical Society and the Academy of Natural 
Sciences of Philadelphia joined Captain WYETH’s party at Independence, Mis- 
souri from which place they started April 28th, 1834. The account of the 
journey is given in TOWNSEND’s Narrative of a Journey across the Rocky 
Mountains to the Columbia River. On September 3th, they began to descend 
the Columbia River reaching Fort Vancouver. Here the two naturalists remained 
for the rest of the Autumn exploring the surrounding country. Later they 
visited the Hawaiian islands. Two important memoirs, the fruits of the trip 
across the continent, were published in the Transaction of the American 
Philosophical Society in 1814 and 1842. — JOHN TORREY contributed the list 
of plants collected on a reconnoissance from Fort Leavenworth, Missouri, to 
San Diego, California, given in EMORY’s Report of Reconnoissance, 1848 and 
also studied the plants collected during Captain MARCH’s exploration of the 
Red River of Louisiana in. 18532. 
Passing over a lot of minor expeditions and surveys we come finally to the 
period of the great surveys beginning with the United States and Mexican 
Boundary Survey under W. H. EMORY and published in the report in 1858, 
appears the botany of the expedition by JOHN TORREY. In the Reports of 
Explorations and Surveys to ascertain the most practicable and economical 
Route for a Railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean (Wash- 
ington ı855—61, ı2 volumes) appear reports of the collections of plants made 
by the botanists of the several expeditions. The second volume treats of the 
4ıst Parallel expedition under E. G. BECKWITH; the 38th and 39th Parallel under 
J. W. Gunnıson and the 32nd Parallel under J. PorE. The botany of these 
surveys was elaborated by JOHN TORREY and Asa GRAY. The fourth volume 
deals with the survey of the 36th Parallel under A. W. WHIPPLE, the Cactacae 
by GEORGE ENGELMANN and J. M. BIGELOW, the general botanic collections 
by J. TORREY and A. GRAY; the mosses and liverworts by W. S. SULLIVANT. 
The fifth volume contains the material of the 35th and 32nd Parallel California 
expedition under R. S. WırLıamson. The botanic portion of the report is by 
J. TORREy, E. DuRAND and T. C. HıLYARD. The sixth volume (1857) deals 
with the California and Oregon Survey under R. S. WILLIAMSON, the botany 
by J. S. NEWBERRY, J. TORREY, A. GRAY, W. S. SULLIVANT and E. TUCKER- 
MAN. The seventh, the report of the 32nd Parallel and California under J. G. 
PARKE contains a botanic portion by JoHn TORREY. Volume twelve, the last 
one, deals with the surveys of the 47th and 49th Parallels under I. STEVENS, 
J. G. CoopER reports on the botany of the route and there is included a cata- 
logue of plants collected east of the Rocky mountains and one of Washington 
Territory. Finally with reference to the great expedition of the middle West 
must be mentioned $. Watson and D. C. EAToN’s Botany of the Fortieth 
Parallel 1871, ROTHROCK’s botany of the United States Geographical Surveys 
west of the one hundredth meridian in charge of G. M. WHEELER, Washington 
