22 Part I. Chapter ı. 
1878, and the report by J. S. NEWBERRY, entitled Notes on the Geology and 
Botany of the Country bordering the Northern Pacific Railroad 1884. 
With the adoption of a forest policy and the creation of forest reserves, 
a renewed stimulus has been given to botanic survey of the far west in the 
interests of forest botany. Several voluminous reports each with numerous 
plates and maps have been issued. The nineteenth (1897—98), twentieth (1899), 
twenty first (1899—ı900) contain a botanic description of the various forest 
reserves set aside by presidential proclamation. 
The Rocky Mountain Region of the United States is fairly well known 
botanically. The botanists of the various great transcontinental surveys have 
visited it and plants have been collected in nearly all of the important ranges 
and mountain valleys. With the spread of civilization westward and the erection 
of several universities in the Rocky Mountain states, more attention has been 
paid to the mountain flora with the appearance of a class of the population 
interested in the study and preservation of the wild plants. 
In addition to some of the reports and journeys mentioned above that 
touch upon Rocky Mountain botany should be mentioned the journey of 
Epwin P. JAMES in the summer of ı820 to and from the Rocky mountains 
and his collection of plants determined by JOHN TORREY. The plants, collected 
on the expedition led by NATHANIEL B. WYETH, were reported by THOMAS 
NUTTALL in a catalogue published in 1834 in the Journal of the Philadelphia 
Academy of Natural Sciences. — The expedition of Lieutenant JOHN C. FRE- 
MONT was most important and fruitful of results. He began his arduous enter- 
prise, that of exploring the Rocky mountains and opening an overland route 
to the Pacific Ocean under authority of the government in May 1842. He 
examined the South Pass of the Rocky mountains, and ascended in August 
the highest peak of the Wind River mountains (13,570 feet) now called Fre- 
mont’s Peak. In the autumn of 1842, he returned to Washington and published 
report of his discoveries with a catalogue of plants by JoHN TORREY (P. 77—94) 
in 1843. In the summer of 1843 he conducted another expedition up the 
valley of the Platte and through the South Pass, explored Great Salt Lake; 
 arriving in November at Fort Vancouver, near the mouth of the Columbia 
River and the next spring reached the Sacramento River in March 1844 
returning through the Great Basin and the South Pass. In the spring of 1845, 
he conducted a third expedition to explore the Sierra Nevada and Cali- 
fornia and organized and conducted a fourth in 1848. 
The next exploration of interest was by F. V. HavDEN whose report to 
the Government is entitled, Catalogues of Plants collected during the Ex- 
pedition of F. V. HAYDEN to the Headwaters of the Vellowstone River, in 
Mossa er ns ee and near Georgetown, Colorado by T. C. PORTER (The 
ie ae er en = Lichens by E. TucKkErMAN) Washington 90 1. 
during BE 186 plants collected by HAYDEN in Wyoming and Colorado 
‚ 1809 and 1870 is also by T. C. PoRTER, published in 1872- 
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