26 Part I. Chapter ı. 
many specimens are found elsewhere. Dr. THOMAS COULTER, who botanized 
extensively in California, was the first botanist to reach the Colorado Desert 
and Gila regions. He collected more than a thousand species in Mexico and 
California. | 
HARVEY of Trinity College, Dublin, distributed duplicate sets of COULTER’S 
plants to the Hookerian herbarium and to those of GRAY and TORREY. 
THOMAS NUTTALL, as previously stated, crossed the continent in an expedition 
under Captain WYETH in 1834 to the Columbia River, thence to the Sandwich 
islands, returning to California, where he collected during part of the year 
1835. His collections were very rich and many of them are in the Gray 
Herbarium at Harvard University and many in the Academy of Natural Sciences 
of Philadelphia. The names of RICHARD BRINSLEY HınDs, WOSNESSENSKY, 
WırLıam D. BRACKENRIDGE, CHARLES PICKERING, DUFLOT DE MOFRAS, 
WILLIAM GAMBEL, JOHN C. FREMONT, NORMAN BESTOR and THEODOR HART- 
WEG, whose collections were enumerated by BENTHAM in Plantae Hartwegianae, 
are prominent in the botanic annals of Spanish occupancy. The plants col- 
lected by WILLIAM GAMBEL were described by THOMAS NUTTALL in the 
Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences for 1848. Plantae Fremontianae, 
or Descriptions of Plants collected by Col. J. C. FREMONT in California by 
JOHN TORREY appeared in 1850. This brings us to the second period begin- 
ning with the great immigration of 1849. 
GEORGE THURBER of the Mexican Boundary Survey reached California late 
in 1851. Descriptions of some of his new species were published by ASA 
GRAY in Plantae Thurberianae. J. M. BIGELOWw, ARTHUR SCHOTT dänd CHARLES 
WRIGHT collected plants on the Mexican Boundary Survey. ALBERT KELLOGG 
came to San Francisco in 1849 and during more than thirty years he collected 
along the coast from Alaska to San Diego. Some of his specimens are in 
the herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences and others are scattered 
in various places. In passing the following botanists should be mentioned as 
identified with the botany of the Pacific Coast: J. D. B. STILLMAN, HENRY 
BEHR, GEORGE GIBBS, WILLIAM LoBB, GEORGE BLACK, T. L. ANDREWS, 
G. E. Hutse, A. WISLIZENUS, N. J. ANDERSSON, A. F. BEARDSLEY, JOHN 
JEFFREY, H. G. BLOOMER, and WILLIAM A. WALLACE. 
Many plants were collected within the State of California from ı853 to 
1855 by botanists connected with the Pacific Railroad explorations. The largest 
of these collections was made by J. M. BIGELoW, under Lieut. WrIPPLE, the 
entire collection from Arkansas to California amounting to about twelve hundred 
species, of which over eleven hundred (excluding Cactaceae and Mosses) were 
enumerated in the fourth volume of the Pacific Railroad reports. These plants, 
as well as those of the other government expeditions, were determined chiefly 
by TORREY and GRAY, and they are found in the herbaria at Cambridge, 
New York and Washington and in foreign countries at Kew and St. Peters- 
burg. A. L. HEERMANN accompanied WILLIAMSON’s Survey in ı853 and 
collected one hundred species noticed by DuURAND and HILGARD in volume 
