32 Part I. Chapter 1. 
collections of plants both living and dry were described by GEORGE BENTHAM 
in his Plantae Hartwegianae, 1839—42. This botanist also described the plants 
gathered together by the botanists of the Voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur. JOHN 
PARKINSON, FREDERICK E. LEIBOLD, DUFLOT DE MOFRAS, JOHN POTTS, CAR- 
Lo$ HELLER, AUDIN ASCHENBORN and A. WISLIZENUS collected in Mexico. 
FREDERICK M. LIEBMANN, a Dane, was sent to Mexico to make botanic and 
scientific collections. He disembarked at Vera Cruz in February 1844. He 
explored various parts of Mexico and consigned to the herbarium in Copen- 
hagen 40,000 plants and a notable zoologic collection. Subsequently he 
published a book in Danish called “Mexicos Bregner, en systematisk, critisk, 
plante-geographisk Undersögelse 1849”, and later with A. S. OERSTED appeared 
Les Chönes de l’Amerique tropicale (1868). BERTHOLD SEEMANN, as botanist 
of the expedition sent out in H.M.S. “Herald”, collected plants in Panama 
and Mexico. These plants are at Kew. BOTTERI, MUELLER, HAHN, SCHAFF- 
NER, ERVENDBERG, BOUGEAU, THIEBAUT, BILIMEK and VILLADA are botanists 
identified with the progress of Mexican botany. 
The botanists from the United States, who have visited and explored Mexico 
for botanic purposes, are the following: C. C. PARRY, EDWARD PALMER, CYRUS 
G. PRINGLE, J. N. Rose, E. W. NELsoN, CHas. F. MILLSPAUGH, WILLIAM TRE- 
LEASE, JOHN W. HARSHBERGER, V. HAVARD, E. D. HOLWAY, ANGELO HEILPRIN, 
WITMER STONE, C. J. CHAMBERLAIN, D. J. MACDOUGAL and JoSEPH PAINTER. 
C. C. PARRY crossed the Mexican boundary for the purpose of collecting plants. 
His botanic explorations were confined mainly, however, to the southwestern 
United States. We owe our knowledge of Mexican plants very largely to the 
efforts of Dr. EDWARD PALMER and CYRUS G. PRINGLE, who have spent many 
years in Mexico. Palmer’s collections have gone to the United States National 
Herbarium, and sets have gone to various of the leading herbaria. PRINGLE 
has done more than all the other botanists combined to explore and collect 
the plants of the Mexican Republic. For at least fifteen years, he has visited 
Mexico and has botanized in practically every state from the boundary south 
to Oaxaca. This work has been done with discriminating care, so that a majority 
of his plants have been described as new, or have enriched our botanic know- 
ledge by the light they have thrown on the type specimens collected by the 
earlier botanists, or the localities where these types have been found. Pringle’s 
plants have been described and named by the botanists at the Gray Herbarium 
of Harvard University. Sets of the several Mexican collections beginning with 
Asa Gray and Sereno Watson and continuing with B. L. Robinson and J. M. 
Greenman are to be found in all the large herbaria of the world. Pringle’s 
private collections have lately been deposited in the herbarium of the Uni- 
versity of Vermont. The published papers of this botanist on the Mexican 
flora have appeared in Garden and Foreät. 
E. W. NELSON has explored Mexico under the auspices of the Biological 
Survey of the United States Department of Agriculture. His work has been 
mainly along zoologic lines, but he has also made considerable collections of 
