34 Part I. Chapter 1. 
EMANUEL FRIEDRICHSTHAL performed journeys through a great part of Nica- 
ragua and Costa Rica. — To ANDERS SANDOE OERSTED, we owe much of 
our knowledge of the botany of Costa Rica. This botanist spent three years 
in the country (1846—48) exploring that country and Nicaragua, chiefly the 
great volcanic chain which includes the peaks of Irazu, Barba and El Viejo. — 
JuLıus von WARSCEWIcZ, who made collecting humming birds and orchids a 
specialty, also made collections of plants. In 1846, he first went to Guate- 
mala, thence to Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Veraguas and Panama. — 
BERTHOLD SEEMANN during the voyage of H. M. S. Herald (1845—51) explored 
Panama, Veraguas and Mexico. The first set of Panamaian and Mexican plants 
are at Kew, where they were worked upon by SEEMANN, JOSEPH HOOKER 
and A. A. BLAck, who conjointly elaborated The Botany of the Voyage of 
the Herald. — RALPH TATE collected at Chontales, Nicaragua and HUGH 
CuminG in Tobago Island, Pearl islands, Montijo Bay and along Chiriqui River 
in 1829, while PLAcıDE DUCHASSAING de Fontbressin visited Panama collect- 
ing many novelties that were described by WALPERS and GRISEBACH. — THo- 
MAS BRIGGS visited Veraguas and Costa Rica in 1856 for plants, E. P. JOHN- 
SON, Yucatan and Tabasco and HERMANN WENDLAND in 1856 spent eight 
months in Costa Rica and Nicaragua. — AUGUST FENDLER collected plants 
in Panama, Nicaragua and Trinidad, where he died in 1883. A good set of 
his Panama collections is in the Kew Herbarium. — Cart HOFFMANN and 
ALEXANDER VON FRANTZIUS left Europe for Costa Rica in 1853. Subsequently 
Hoffmann in Bonplandia 1858 published several papers on the vegetation of 
Costa Rica especially that of the Volcan de Cartago and Volcan de Barba. 
SuTTon HavESs botanized in Panama from 1860—63. His plants are at Kew. 
MORITZ WAGNER traveled and collected in Panama and Costa Rica. — 
The editors of Biologia Centrali-Americana OSBERT SALVIN and FREDERICK 
Du CANE GODMAN visited Guatemala on several occasions between 1857 an 
1874. They made a collection of some 220 species of ferns in the region of 
Volcan de Fuego and Volcan de Agua. At Kew are two separate sets of 
flowering plants, 250 species, dated 1861, and 350 species, dated 1873—74; 
representing the labors of these two men. — E. PauL Levy collected in the 
neighborhood of Segovia, Granada, etc. and wrote some interesting descriptions 
of the vegetation. The list of plants published by H. POLAKOwSKY represents 
the results of his botanical work in Costa Rica during 1875. BERNOUILLI 
collected in Guatemala during 1ı868—75. JoHN DONNELL SMITH botanized 
extensively in Central America and as a result printed Enumeratio Plantarum 
Guatemalensium etc. in eight parts, the last in 1907. 
It is advantageous here to name those collectors and scientists, who, having 
travelled through Costa Rica, or established themselves there, have especially 
contributed to the knowledge of the natural resources of the country. They 
are A. PITTIER, A. S. OERSTED, C. HOFFMANN, H. PoLAKOWSKY, M. WAGNER, 
Captain J. DONNELL SMITH, C. WARSCEWICZ, A. Tonpuz, P. BIOLLEY, A.voN 
FRANTZIUS, FRANC KUNTZE, W. M. GABB, Jose C. ZELEDON, ANASTASIO 
EEE ERBEN, # A 
am a Aa NET BE Tec DPI I a DH Hug 1 ler. 
