140 Part I. Chapter 2. 
16° F. at Chicago, 14° F. at New Orleans and New York, 23° F. at Yuma, and 
31° F. the highest in the country, at Pueblo, Colorado. In July, these ranges 
are nearly the same, save that the highest (36° F.) now appears at Fresno, in 
central California. In the latter case, the very clear skies of the summer cause 
intense radiation of heat, and this accounts for the very great difference bet- 
ween the maximum and minimum. 
Individual temperatures. “The lowest temperature at a regular station has 
been — 55° F. (— 48.3° C.) in the extreme north of Montana, but this has 
been exceeded at Tobacco Garden, Dakota, — 60° F. (—51.1°C.), At San 
Francisco 29° F. (— 1.6°C.); Chicago — 20° F. (— 28.9° C.) (but once in 
twenty years); New York City — 6° F. (— 21.1° C.); New Orleans 15° F. 
(— 9.4° C.); Key West 41° F. (5° C.); Washington — ı4° F. (— 23.6° GC). 
The highest temperature observed at a regular station has been ı18° F. 
(47.8° C.) at Yuma, though Furnace Creek has shown 122° F. (50° C.); Mam- 
moth Tank 128° F. (33.3° C.); San Francisco 99° F. (37.2° C.); Chicago 100° F. 
(37.8° C.); New Orleans 97° F. (36.1° C.); New York City 100° F. (37.8° C.); 
Washington 103° F. (39.4° C.). 
Number of days below freezing in four cold months. In southern Florida, 
extreme southern Texas, and on the Pacific coast of southern California, the 
temperature does not go below freezing on an average once a year. In Minne- 
sota and North Dakota, 120 times; Chicago 89; New Orleans 5; Washington, 
D.C. 74; New York City 82. 
Temperature above 90° (32.2° C.), Fune, July and August. In Minnesota 
and North Dakota, from 3 to 7 times; Yuma 90 times; New Orleans 28; 
St. Louis 24; New York City 4; Washington 10;'Key West 3 times in five years. 
The following six tables present the average temperature (degrees Fahren- 
heit) for the five years 1891—ı1895. In the: original tables from which these 
are condensed observations are recorded for every hour of the day. The ele- 
vation of the meteorologic station above tide is also presented in the original’). 
The tables are given by Fahrenheit scale and are not changed to Centigrade 
scale because all of the records of the United States Weather Bureau are 
published so. It is, however, easy to convert the tables to Centigrades by 
subtracting 32 and multiplying by 5/9°). 
1) Moorz, WırLis L.: Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1896—97: 94—107- 
2) See also the abstract of this work in german. (Drude.) 
