292 Part II. Chapter 3. 
Arenaria biflora var. carnulosa, Cerastium alpinum var. Behringianum, Corallorhiza multiflora, 
a aurea, Epilobium saximontanum, Gentiana barbellata var. tenella, Heuchera rubescens, 
Luzula (Juncoides) spadicea var. parviflora (=L. parviflora), Pedicularis Parryi, Phleum alpinum, 
Potentilla dissecta, Primula Parryi, Saxifraga debilis, Sedum rhodanthum, Veronica alpina. 
Above timber line ı1,500 feet (3500 m) are found on the bleak and storm- 
beaten summit of San Francisco Mountain the following alpine plants: 
Androsace septentrionalis, Arenaria verna, Cerastium alpinum, C. arvense, Cystopteris (Filix) 
fragilis, Festuca brevifolia, Oxyria digyna, Polemonium confertum, Sagina Linnaei (S. Saginoides), 
Saxifraga decipiens (*caespitosa), S. debilis, $. flagellaris, S. nivalis, Sibbaldia procumbens, Silene 
acaulis, Stellaria umbellata (5. baicalensis), Thlaspi alpestre, Trisetum subspicatum. # 
The spruce belt 9200— 10,500 feet (2800—3200 m) is occupied by Piea 
Engelmanni and Pinus aristata with Aguilegia chrysantha, Lathyrus arizomeus, 
Mertensia paniculata, Moneses uniflora, Pentstemon glaucus var. stenosepalus, 
Pyrola chlorantha, Ribes setosum, Solidago multiradiata, Zygadenus elegans. 
The fact of present interest is that many of the plants here enumerated, as 
growing in the spruce zone of this mountain, are equally characteristic of the 
higher Alleghanies, the Rocky Mountains and northward. 
„ The next belt below 8200-9200 feet (2500-2800 m) is characterized by 
I'seudotsuga Douglasü, Pinus flexilis var. macrocarpa, Populus tremuloides and 
such smaller plants as * Actaea spicata, Berberis repens (= B. a uifolium), 
Ceanothus Fendleri, Gentiana affınis, *Geum triflorum, * Potentilla (Dasiophora) 
Fruticosa, Ribes Rusbyi, *Viola canadensis var. scopulorum. Those marked 
with an asterisk have a wide range in the Canadian flora of the east and north. 
Ceanothus Fendleri may be safely regarded, as the western representative of 
C. ovatus, which ranges eastward from the Rocky mountains to Vermont. 
The pine belt 7000—8200 feet (2100—2 500 m) has one characteristic tree, 
Pinus ponderosa, which forms an unbroken forest. As a tree, it ranges at 
middle elevations from the highlands of western Texas and northern Mexico, 
northward along the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevadas to the dry in- 
terior of British Columbia in latitude 51, 30 N. avoiding the region of excessive 
downfall along the coast from northern California northward.. Among the 
more conspicuous species occurring in the pine belt of San Francisco Mountain, 
‚and having a more or less coincident distribution with the pine are: Campa- 
nula P arryi, Frasera speciosa, Gilia aggregata var. attenuata, Oxybaphus 
(Allionia) angustifolius (= limearis), Oxytropis (Aragallus) Lamberti, Pentstemon 
barbatus and P. Torreyi'). 
; distinctive trees of the piion belt 6000-7000 feet (1800— 2100 m) are 
Pinus edulis, Funiperus occidentalis var. monosperma, and the rare Funiperus 
pachyphloea. Several large shrubs are present: Berberis Fremonti, Rhus ar0- 
matıca var. trilobata, Spiraca discolor var. dumosa. Near the Grand Canyon 
of the ‚Colorado Nr again at Walnut Canyon, these shrubs are joined 2 
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