354 Part IV. Chapter 1. 
The colors of the vegetation are due to the omnipresent Ledum together 
with the somewhat less universal Zozseleuria and Bryanthus. In the autumn 
the red leaves of Arctous are the most attractive of the season’s colorings. 
The bake-apple, Rubus chamaemorus, its single white flowers associated with 
the rose colored flowers of Rudus arcticus are frequently seen. Cornus cana- 
densis grown in thick groups, and dense tufts of the white flowered Drapensia 
lapponica and moss pink Szlene acaulis are common. 
Astragalus alpinus, Oxytropis (Aragallus) podocarpa, O. (Aragallus) campestris var. caerulea, 
Pinguicula vulgaris, P. Beer P.; u. and many inconspicuous Cruciferae and Caryophyllaceae 
complete the list of forms more ersally present in the early part of the season). Solidago 
Virga-aurea, S Be Epilo bie (several species), Lychnis alpina, Arnica alpina, Campa- 
nula rotundifolia, a a borealis are prominent in summer, while Papaver nudicaule is not 
unfrequent on hill tops. 
Sea Chff Formation. The sea coast of Newfoundland presents an irre- 
gular line of cliffs, beaches and headlands on which are Alnus viridis (= A. 
alnobetula), Viburnum pauciflorum, Cornus stolonifera, Ribes prostratum, Em- 
petrum nigrum, various ne of Rubus and Vaccinium. 
and Formatio The seashore in Labrador supports Arenaria (Ammodenia) peploides, 
Mertensia maritima, Foksnlie anserina, P. (Sibbaldiopsis) tridentata, Archangelica (Angelica) atro- 
purpurea, A. Gmelini, Plantago maritima, while Lathyrus maritimus is abundant. The strand flora 
of Newfoundland consists of Plantago maritima, Ligusticum scoticum, Arenaria (Ammodenia) 
ee Mertensia maritima, Cakile americana (= C. edentula), Salicornia herbacea, Lathyrus mari- 
timus, Atriplex hastata, Ranunculus (Oxygraphis) cymbalaria, Moehringia (Arenaria) lateriflora, 
Primula mistassinica, while the waves roll in tangled masses of Vallisneria spiralis, Fucus vesi- 
culosus, Laminaria. 
Coniferous Forest Formation of Newfoundland. Here the trees are chiefly 
Abies balsamea, Picea nigra, Picea alba, with a moderate mixture of Pinus 
strobus, Betula papyrifera and Populus tremuloides. The trees are usually 
stunted on the headlands and points of land jutting into the sea, while the 
higher ground inland may bei covered with bushes of Funiperus communts, 
Taxus canadensis, Lyonia (Chamaedaphne) calyculata (Juniperus-Taxus 
Association). 
*Juniperus communis, under either its common or alpine form, is found from tbe bleak rocks 
of Labrador to the coast of the Pacific. At one time on an exposed shore, at another OR # 
mountain top, beside the cataract, and again on the shore of a lonely lake, it greets the wanderer 
wherever he al be, and yet it is nowhere abundant”2), 
‚emarkable herbaceous plants of the forest are: Streptopus roseus, Trillium recurvatum, Listera 
eilt Goodyera (Peramium) pubescens, Smilacina (Vagnera) stellata, Coptis trifolia, Aralia 
nudicaulis. — Secondary woody species: Prunus pennsylvanica, Nemopanthes canadensis (= fasei- 
eularis, Iiejoldes mucronata), Viburnum lentago, V. acerifolium. 
er woods Mitchella repens, Epigaea repens oceur. The edge of the forest along socky 
hills is lands with Juniperus virginiana var. humilis, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Vaccinium uligi- 
1) DELABARRE, E. B.: Report of the Brown-Harvard Expedition to Labrador: Bulletin Geo- 
graphical Society of Philadelphia III, No. 4. April 1902 
2) Macoun, Catal. Canadian pl. I, 462. Very temiarkabie for this single Coniferous plant 
common with ER and of the same distribution as Alnus viridis! (Drude.) i 
