Labrador District. 355 
nosum, Loiseleuria ee Potentilla (Sibbaldiopsis) tridentata, cover the open rocky situa- 
tions, while on the top of rocks (Rock Boulder Plant As ssociation) the lichens Cladonia 
rangiferina and Cetraria Islandica, are abundant; in the Fa of clifis Dryopteris (Aspidium) 
fragrans. Occasionally woods of Betula lutea (Betula lutea Facies) are found in Newfound- 
land, and here the botanist finds Pyrola rotundifolia, Monotropa uniflora, ange dendroidenm 
(= L. obseurum), L. lucidulum, L. clavatum, L. complanatum, and L. alpinu 
Bog Plant Formation. The bogs are open areas, or barrens, and repre- 
sent converted glacial lakes surrounded by stunted spruce and broken by deep 
circular ponds of brown water in which grow Menyanthes trifohata. The 
sphagnum-bogs surrounding such ponds contain Zriophorum z vaginatum, vir- 
ginicum and latifolium, Arethusa bulbosa, Sarracenia purpurea, while on the 
surface spreads Rubus chamaemorus. Such boggy areas are fringed with Pirus 
arbutifolia, Myrica gale, Andromeda polifolia, Lonicera caerulea, Empetrum 
nıgrum, and Larix americana. 
Marsh Formation. The marshes are characterized by Caltha palustris, 
Osmunda cinnamomea, Asplenium thelypteroides, Mentha canadensis in tufts 
beside the pools, while in muddy places which seem iron-stained occurs Dro- 
sera rotundifolia. 
Vaceinium oxycoccus, Rubus triflorus, Kalmia angustifolia er glauca, Ledum latifolium, occur 
in such marshy places with clumps of Alnus incana, Rhod dron rhodora (= Rhodora cana- 
densis) and on moss covered stumps Chiogenes hispidula. Eiilocke outside the swamps support 
Cornus canadensis. Near such swamps in the drier ground are found Sorbus americana, Ame- 
lanchier canadensis, Acer rubrum, Acer spicatum, with tangles of Rubus strigosus, Pteris aquilina. 
On the sandy shore of brooks grow Salix petiolaris, Sagina procumbens and Senecio vulgaris, 
while Triodia (Sieglingia) decumbens, Nardus strieta also occur in such situations. —3) 
B. Hudson Bay-Keewatin District. 
The country between Lake Winnepeg and Hudson Bay which forms part 
of the Hudson Bay District consists largely of swamps, mainly grown up to 
willows and tamaracks. 
Lake Formation. The shallower lakes are characterized by extensive 
patches of Sczrpus lacustris, Myriophyllum, Potamogeton, Calla palustris, Acorus 
calamus ; Nuphar (Nymphaea) advena also occurs. However, there are numerous 
elevated places, rocky “islands” on which has accumulated a rather thin cover- 
ing of soil supporting a moderately heavy timber growth of Piea nigra, 
P. alba, Abies balsamea, Pinus Banksiana, Populus tremuloides and balsami- 
fera, Betula papyrifera and Larix americana. These species form the bulk 
of the forest in the district. 
River Bank Formation. The river banks are covered with a rank growth 
of willows and grasses amid which are various orchids, violets and ee 2 
ı) BELL, JOHN: in Canadian Naturalist new ser. IV; cfr. Bibliography, p. 51. 
2) RoBINSoN, B. - and v. SCHRENK, H.: Notes upon the Flora of Newfoundland, Canadian 
Record of on :3—31. 
3) Maco ir nr of Plants collected in ern in 1885. Kto pp 185: new 
ix I. 
ser. Fran and Nat. Hist. Survey of Canada. Appen 
23° 
