362 Part IV. Chapter 2. 
Prince Edward Island on the general level only a few feet above the sea. 
Finer specimens of Abies balsamea, Picea alba, P. nıgra, P. ruöra are found 
here rather than on the mainland, while the presence of Thuja occidentalıs in 
isolated patches at the north end of the island is remarkable'). 
The forests of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick are identic.e. A mild 
sea climate prevails on the side toward the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the 
hardwood trees are found on a lower level than along the Atlantic coast and 
Bay of Fundy. With exception of Ouercus macrocarpa, JFuglans cinerea, Tilia 
americana the following species are found in both territories: 
Acer saccharum Marsh. Ostrya virginiana Koch (= O0. vir- 
» rubrum L. ginica Willd.). 
»  pennsylvanicum L. Populus tremuloides Michx. 
Prunus serotina Ehrh. » balsamifera L. 
» pennsylvanica Lf. Salix nigra Marsh. 
Fraxinus nigra Marsh. (=F. sambuci- | Pinus Banksiana Lamb. (= P. divari- 
folia Lam.). cata auth.). 
» americana L. »  strobus L. 
»  pubescens Lam. (=F. penn- »  resinosa Ait. 
sylvanica Marsh). Picea alba Link. 
Ulmus americana L. » nigra Link 
Betula populifolia Marsh. »  rubra Lam. 
»  papyrifera Marsh. Abies balsamea Mill. 
»  lentaL. Tsuga canadensis Carr. 
>» nigra. Larix americana Michx. 
Fagus americana Sweet. Thuja occidentalis L. 
The coast species on the Atlantic and Bay of Fundy side, owing to the 
influx of cold winds, are chiefly the species of Adies and Picea, but a few 
hundred feet above the cold river valleys, we enter a forest composed of 
maple, beech, ash, birch with scattered spruce and pine (Betula-Fagus 
Facies), except in the west where tamarack, fir and spruce are the prevailing 
trees. (Larix-Abies-Picea-Facies). The elm, Ulmus americana, is found 
in the river valleys associated with birch and Acer rubrum; Fuglans cinerea, 
Tilia americana and Quercus macrocarpa ate found only in southern New 
Brunswick in some abundance, Fuglans forming an open facies with the elm in 
abundance on the lower St. John. 
Deciduous Forest Formation. This forest formation occupies the Maritime 
District and includes the following facies: Mixed Maple-Birch-Spruce-Fir 
Facies represents the culminating type of vegetation. This association occupies 
the areas of optimum drainage and hence of deep loose soils and moderate 
slopes provided by the glacial soils, The dominant members are Acer sac- 
charum and Betula papyrifera with several secondary forms, being intermingled 
1) Macoun, JOHN: The Forests of Canada Proceedings and Transactions Royal Society of 
Canada XII (1894): 7—8. Sect. IV, 
