364 Part IV, Chapter 2. 
flat bogs and in swampy places throughout New Brunswick and also is pre- 
valent in central parts of the province covering loose boulders in markedly 
xerophytic situations, where it is associated with much hypnum and many 
heaths. Near mountain tops it forms a dwarf growth (Krummholz, or pucker- 
bush; Dwarf Tree-Formation). — Abdies balsamea forms the dominant and 
often almost the only tree in places in the interior of New Brunswick notably 
on Governor’s Plateau where it occurs as an association (Abies balsamea- 
Facies). Zarir americana enters into the tamarack swamp association (Larix- 
Facies) of general occurrence in the St. Lawrence-great Lake Region. 
The forests ofthe Saguenay River which occupies a gorge with steep!) and lofty clifts 
are rise similar to those above described according to my observations. A brief sketch 
will s o give an idea of the flora of this river Semored some distance inland from the 
Atlantie an The valence of coniferous trees the marked feature of these forests. 
Larix americana, Abies Ns a, Thbuja occidentalis, en nigra (= P. mariana) and P, alba 
(= P. canadensis) occupy boggy ground. The deciduous trees are Betula papyrifera, B. lutea, 
B. lenta, Ulmus americana, _ tremunloides, Populus grandidentata, Fraxinus sambucifolia, 
Acer rubrum, A. saccharum with which are associated Sorbus americana and Sorbus sambucifolia 
which in rocky Since) are often reduced to shrubs. The alders Alnus viridis and A. incana are 
plentiful Shrabe the latter forming dense thickets (Alder-Association) by water courses and 
swamps sharing the ground with Myrica gale, Corylus rostrata, Rhus typhina, gr spicatum, 
Pinus Banksiana (= P. divaricata) and Pinus strobus are the only pines found on the Saguenay. 
Vaceinium pennsylvanicum, V. canadense abound on ara ridges (Vaccinum- 2 ociation) 
and in pine land, while Vaccinium Vitis-idaea, Empetrum nigrum, Shepherdia (Lepargyraea) 
, Corydalis glauca, Campanula rotundifolia ni less abundant are found on rocks along 
the St. Lawrence and the Saguenay rivers, which rocks are time stained by Buellia geographica, 
Parmelia centrifuga, P. stygia, P. Fahlunensis with Umbilicaria hyperboren etc. Ledum la tifolium 
(=L. groenlandicum), Kalmia latifolia are not confined to bogs, but occur on sandy soil as well, 
with Eignen repens, Chimaphila umbellata, Gaultheria procumbens, Pyrola elliptica, P. secunda, 
while Cassandra (Chamaedaphne) calyculata frequents the beds of at. 
The coniferous forest formation according to my observations made at Halifax, Nova Scotia 
consists et Ta strobus, Picea nigra, Acer rubrum, Abies balsamea, while on the ground Isew 
Varcinium vitis idaea, Cornus canadensis, Coptis trifolia, Pteris (Pteridium) halte, Clintonia 
orealis, Gaultheria procumbens, Maianthemum (Unifoliu m) canadense, Potentilla tridentata, Aralia 
nudicaulis, Vaccinium pennsylvanicam, Mitchella repens, Pyrola elliptica, Trientalis americana. 
Along Minas Basin as at Grand Pr& the composition of the forest is Picea nigra, Pinus str trobus, 
ua americana together with Betula lutea, Acer rubrum, Betula populifolia, while according 
my observations Nemopanthes fascicularis, Rosa Incida, Osmunda einnamomea, Aralia hispida, 
Pie, (Pteridium) aquilina grow beneath the above näioned trees. 
Mountains and Tableland. An examination of the mountain flora‘) (Saga- 
mook mountain, ca. 770m — 2, 240 feet, one of the highest peaks in New 
Brunswick) shows dee distinct belts of vegetation. The first of these consists 
of a dense growth of pines, firs and cedars, and extends about a third of the 
distance up the mountain side (Coniferous Forest Formation). The second 
is composed principally of Berula lutea and B. populifolia, with a few cedars 
and alders reaching to a very considerable elevation Deciduous Forest: Betula- 
H 
») Hıız, E.J.: The Saguenay Region. Garden and Forest 1895: VI: 182, 193, 2 
2) BaıLev, L. W.: Notes on the G : 
eol Natur 
list second ser. I: 81—97. ology and Botany of New Bomewick: Canadian 
