366 Part IV. Chapter 2. 
maritime provinces of Canada are characterized by beautiful fresh water lakes, 
large and small. In one, Inoted, large associations of Pontederia cordata with 
Nymphaea (Castalia) odorata occupying the spaces between the pickered weed. 
ther lakes were fringed by a tall species of Sczrpus and P. cordata, while 
still others were occupied almost exclusively by N. odorata or Nuphar advena. 
Nymphaeca Kalmiana and Brasenia peltata cover with the foregoing water plants 
the borders of shallow lakes in New Brunswick. 
Four plants new to the flora of New Brunswick were found in the Nepisiguit lakes, viz., 
Ranunculus eircinatus, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Carex utriculata, var. minor and Potamogeton 
heterophylius. Numerous Potamogetons and the floating heart, Limnanthemum lacunosum, grasses, 
carices and sedges fill the shallower parts of the lakes. Among them several rare forms occur 
most of which are new to New Brunswick: Glyceria borealis, Scirpus atrocinctus var. brachy- 
podus, Carex canescens var. vulgaris, C. trisperma, C. sterilis var. excelsior, C. interior, C. strieta 
var. curtissima, C. rostrata var. ambigena, C. vesicaria var. jejuna?). 
Dry barrens. The dry barrens, or Moor-Formation are characteristically 
treeless, but are surrounded by pine forests and on such areas grow lichens, 
mosses and ericaceous bushes, forming a heather. Here grow Zedum latifolium, 
Vaccinium macrocarpon, Andromeda polifolia, Kalmia glauca, Betula pumila, 
Lonicera oblongifolia with Eriophorum vaginatum, Carex oligosperma and 
Orchids, Medeola, Linnaca, Mitella nuda. 
The great valley of the St. John River and its tributaries has a flora 
far more southerly in character than that of northern New Brunswick. 
Onoclea strathiopteris, Aspidium aculeatum var. Braunii, Adiantum pedatum, Osmunda regalis, 
are some of the ferns of this valley, while Polygonatum biflorum, Trillium cernuum, Caulophyllum 
thalictroides, Thalictram dioicum, Viola Selkirkii, Anemone virginiana, Vaccinium caespitosum, 
Cypripedium acaule, Asarum canadense, Sanicula marylandica, Sanguinaria canadensis, althoug 
not generally abundant, yet are not infrequently found along the upper St. John River. — Several 
plants are peculiar to this river: Oxytropis (Aragallus) campestris, Astragalus alpinus, Hedysarum 
boreale, Tanacetum huronense?. The rare plants of the New Brunswick phytogeographie area 
are Dryopteris (Aspidium) fragrans, Woodsia glabella, Woodsia hyperborea, Oenothera (Onagra) 
Oakesiana, Hieracium praealtum, Goodyera pubescens, Tanacetum huronense, Viola primulaefolia. 
The calcareous slates of the mountain gorges are clothed with a luxuriant growth of mosses 
and ferns constituting a cliff plant formation with the following ferns forming associations: Poly- 
podium vulgare, Asplenium viride, Cystopteris bulbifera, C. fragilis and Asplenium thelypteroides. 
Bog Formation. Wherever, says GANONG, shallow impervious basins occuf 
in which non-calcareous water accumulates, there sphagnum and other water 
mosses tend to grow and, preserved by the antiseptic properties of substances 
formed by themselves, do not decay but accumulate forming ultimately great 
bogs üpon which woody plants may later grow). There exists graded series 
of bogs from the typic flat bog on the one hand to the typic raised bog on 
the other. The bog formation consists of plants capable of existence in stag- 
ı) Hay, G. U.: Transactions Royal Society Canada, second series VIII. sect 4: 125—134- 
2) ‚BAY, G. U.: Botany of the upper St. John. Bulletin Natural History Society of New 
Brunswick II: 11—32; The Restigouche- with Notes especially on the Flora. Bulletin Natural 
History Society of New Brunswick. XIV, 1896: 12—35, 
ANONG, W. F.: A preliminary Synopsis of the grouping of the Vegetation of the Province 
of New Brunswick. Bulletin of the Natural History Society: of New Brunswick. 1902. No. XXI. 
