Maritime Distriet: New Brunswick. 369 
in this association Salicornia herbacea and Suaeda (Dondia) linearis, and as 
secondary form on higher, drier places Spergularia (Buda) borcalis (= Tissa 
canadensis), Atriplex patula var. hastata. 
The characteristic association of the higher salt marsh overflowed only by 
exceptionally high tides, and representing the highest development of salt- 
marsh vegetation is the Statice-Spartina juncea-Association. The plants 
are distributed on all the highest parts of the wild salt marsh and occupy the 
berme-bank built by the sea along the rivers. It is distinguished by its dull 
green color in various shades and the very dense, almost turf-like growth of 
its plants. It forms real salt meadow. 
The Statice-Spartina-Association is composed of two dominant with several secondary and 
occasional members: Statice limonium var. caroliniannm (= Limonium carolinianum), Plantago 
maritima, Spartina juncea, Puccinellia maritima, Festuca ovina, Juncus Gerardi, Triglochin maritimum, 
Hordeum jubatum, Glaux maritima. The dominant plants of the association are Spartina (fox- 
grass, or mezotte) and the Statice, with the Puccinellia and Plantago as important secondary 
members, and Festuca, Juncus, Triglochin, Hordeum as less important, while Glaux is subordinate, 
Occasional species are Spartina cynosuroides, Potentilla (Anserina) anserina. 
Salt Spring Plant Formation. At certain salt springs near Sussex in the 
interior is found a colony of seashore plants; such as Salicornia, Spergularia 
marina and borealis, Ranunculus Cymbalaria, Atriplex patula var. hastata, 
Distichlis spicata. The explanation of the distribution is historic. During the 
latest post-glacial subsidence this region dipped beneath the sea to extent of 
200 feet. The marine coast plants thus followed the sea into the interior. The 
subsequent elevation of the land, with the return of fresh water everywhere 
exterminated the halophytic plants except where salt abounded namely, at 
these springs?). 
Strand Formation. The beaches of the St. Lawrence River at Cacouna 
for example show a strand formation of several associations constituted by 
the grouping of Cakile americana, Lathyrus maritimus, Mertensia maritima, 
Plantago maritima, Arenaria (Ammodenia) peploides and other plants. In the 
tide-swept mud along the Saguenay River grow Spergularia (T: 55a) marina 
and Plantago maritima; on wet rocks or sands Lathyrus, Glaux, Ligusticum 
Scoltcum, Solidago sempervirens, Atriplex patula var. hastatum’). 
The most characteristic plant of the beach of Miscou Island in the Gulf of St. Lawienme is 
Salsola kali with Cakile americana (= C. edentula) next in abundance, while Mertensia maritima 
and Lathyrus maritimus occupy third place. Here and there are found Atriplex patula var. 
hastata (= A, hastata), Ammophila arenaria. Inside the open beach, according to GANONG, be- 
gins the sand plain of parallel dunes covered with Ammophila arenaria and this grass em. 
Shelter to Carex silicea, Taraxacum officinale, Rumex acetosella, Botrychium ternatum nt 3 
medium, Anaphalis margaritacea and in sheltered places Rosa Incida, Viola adunca, Smilacina 
(Vagnera) stellata and Vicia eracca. The hollows are occupied by Fragaria virginiana and Festuca 
H 1) Ganog, W. F.: On halophytic Colonies in the Interior of New Brunswick, Bulletin Natural 
Istory Society of New Brunswick. No. XVI, 1898. 
2) Rosinson, C. B.: Science new ser. XXVI: 665 also Ganong, W. F.: The nascent Flora 
0f the Miscou Beach Plain. Botanical Gazette XLIL: 8r. 
Harshberger, Survey N.-America. =: 
