370 Part IV. Chapter 2. 
rubra, while the sheltered slopes afford a place where Juniperus sabina var. procumbens (= ]. sa- 
bina) grows together with Myrica carolinensis, Hudsonia tomentosa, Vaccinium pennsylvanicum. 
The sandy beach gradually merges into the coniferous forest WEBER: The woody vanguard 
consists of mats of Juniperus combined with Vaccinium pennsylvanicum, Myrica carolinensis, Hud- 
sonia tomentosa. Here also are found Empetrum nigrum, Toilann sa, and less frequently 
Cladonia zn Gentiana ih var. acuta (= G. acuta,. On the other hand, the beach 
merges into sandy swales, bordered by spruce. Here the turf consists of Festuca Sue var. rubra 
(=:E. En Vs pratensis, Agrostis alba, Juncus Vaseyi, Carex Oederi, together with Euphrasia 
americana, Antennaria neodioica, Sagina procumbens, Plantago major, Potentilla norvegica and 
rifolium repens. 
Marine Algal Formation. The marine flora of the Maritime District of the 
St. Lawrence-Great Lake Region is essentially arctic in character as may be 
inferred from their boreal position and their exposure to cold currents from 
the north polar region. In New Brunswick the action of the tides on the 
southern shores renders it impossible for any marine algae but the stronger 
forms to maintain themselves, except in sheltered coves, while on the other 
hand the low sandy shores extending into the Gulf of St. Lawrence do not 
furnish a favorable habitat for algae. Fuci and Laminariae are distributed in 
abundance along the whole coast. The fuci growing between tide marks are 
most abundant on the south coast; two species are common. Fucus vesi- 
eulosus and Ascopkyllum nodosum; but F. evanescens, F. furcatus are uncommon 
(Fucus Shelf). The shelf of Laminariae extends from low-water mark 
to several fathoms in depth. These plants occur in greatest profusion on the 
coast of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Three species occur, the most generally 
diffused being Laminaria longicruris with L. saccharina and L. digitata. 
Scattered in endless profusion are Delesseria sinuosa, D. alta var. angustissima, Chorda filum, 
Agarım Turneri, Alaria esculenta. Rhodymenia palmata, Porphyra laciniata, P. vulgaris are found 
to a more limited extent especially on the coast of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Polysiphonia 
Lawrence and on the southern shores of Noya Scotia has not been collected on the New Eng- 
land coast?) 
3. High Mountains of New England. Formations on Mt. Katahdin. 
Coniferous Forest Formation. Mount Katahdin, Maine, a long elevated ridge 
several miles in length and 5,215 feet (1590 m) above sea level is situated in the 
midst of a spruce forest consisting of Picea nigra (= P. mariana), Pinus strobus 
(in detached groves; Pinus strobus- -Facies), Betula papyrifera, Betula lutea, 
bies balsamea, Sorbus americana, Thuja occidentalis (sparingly), Acer rubrum 
with an undergrowth of Acer spicatum, Amelanchier oligocarpa, Nemopanthes 
Jascicularis, Ribes prostratum, Viburnum pauciflorum and Taxrus canadensis in 
considerable abundance. The forest floor is covered in most places especially 
where boulders occur with a mat of mosses consisting chiefly of three forms: 
ı) Hay, U.: Marine Algae of New Brunswick, Proceedi ings and Transactions of the Royal 
wre RI Canada 1837 V sect. IV: 167— 174; Bulletin Natural History Society of New Bruns- 
wick 
