Maritime Distriet: New England. 385 
or less, yielded usually from 200—300,000 germs per c. c., while those made 
at Woods Hole in only exceptional instances exceeded 50,000 germs, while 
the average content was about 15— 20,000 per unit of volume. Bacillus limi- 
cola, a common chromogenic species, inhabits exclusively the ground layers 
of the sea bottom in America. Three other forms Bacillus pelagicus, mart- 
timus and litoralis comprise the major portion of the bacterial flora of Woods 
Hole and are found both in the water and the underlying ground layers. 
These where distributed through the water at all depths and Bacıllus pelagicus 
and smaritimus were abundant in samples of mud taken at a distance of 100 
miles from land and in 450 feet of water. 
4. Bog-, Swamp- and Pond-Formations. 
Bog Formation. This formation is characterized by the abundance of 
Sphagnum species which form a dense growth over the surface and maintain 
more equable conditions of moisture and temperature. They may be called 
islands of northern plants with many ericaceous species. The plants of this 
formation in eastern Massachusetts are: 
Calla palustris L. Sarracenia purpurea L. 
Clintonia borealis Raf. Utricularia cornuta Michx. 
Habenaria lacera R.Br. Menyanthes trifoliata L. 
Pogonia ophioglossoides Ker. Epilobium lineare Muhl (= E. densum 
Calopogon pulchellus R.Br. (= Limo- | Geum rivale L. [Raf.). 
dorum tuberosum L.). Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. 
Arethusa bulbosa L. » oxycoccus L. 
Cladium mariscoides Torr. Cassandra (Chamaedapkne) Be 
Rhynchospora alba Vahl. Moench. 
ee gracile Koch. Andromeda polifolia L. 
vaginatum Am. auth. (= | Kalmia glauca Ait. 
5. callithrix Cham.). Ledum latifolium Ait. 
Smilacina trifolia Desf. Rhododendron Rhodora Don. 
Drosera rotundifolia L. Chiogenes hispidula T. & G. (= ser- 
» intermedia Hayne. pyllifolia Salisb.). 
The cold sphagnum bogs of Vermont have an interesting flora, but in 
the tabulated list below the preponderance of species of Carex (13) and 
Eriophorum (4) is probably due to the greater care taken in ı the collection 
and identification of these typic bogs plants. 
Calopogon pulchellus R.Br. Microstylis (Achroanthes) monophyllos 
Calypso borealis Salisb. (= C. bul- Lindl. 
bosa L.). Orchis rotundifolia Pursh. 
Arethusa bulbosa L. Poa pratensisL. var. angustifolia Smith. 
Habenaria dilatata Gray. Carex tenuiflora Wahl. 
Listera cordata R.Br. ER »  teretiuscula Gooden. 
Harshberger, Survey N.-America., 25 
