400, Part IV. Chapter 2. 
The basswood, Tzlia americana, early encroaches on the dune areas and 
becomes a dominant and controlling element, associated later with Popwlus 
monilifera, Sassafras, Quercus tinctoria, Fraxinus americana, Fuglans cinerea etc. 
Lianes are frequent: Vils cordifolia, Celastrus scandens, Rhus radicans, Am- 
pelopsis and Smelax hispida. Shrubs are abundant about the margin of the 
forest. Sometimes instead of the vegetation culminating in the deciduous 
forest, it becomes established in the form of a heath, which perhaps should 
be considered as a distinct Heath Formation. This is succeeded at Cedar 
Point by an oak forest. Such heaths consist of evergreen plants as Funiperus 
virginiana, Arctostaphvlos uva-ursi with Andropogon scoparius and oaks. 
The windward slope of the dunes has a different aspect and when one 
views them from the lakeside he sees a landscape in which coniferous trees 
predominate whereas a view from the land side shows a decided dominance of 
deciduous trees. The association of pines, Pinus strobus, is most prominent, 
at the south end of Lake Michigan Pinus Banksiana is more abundant, while 
at the north end Pinus resinosa is often as frequent as the white pine. ZAuja 
occidentalis becomes a frequent member of these forests in the north as also 
Abies balsamea, and associated with the conifers are Betula papyrifera, Tilia 
americana, Populus montlifera, Ostrya virginiana. 
Dunes are not abundantly developed at Lake of the Woods. A chain of 
islands exists called Isle aux Sables or islands of the sand hills. A list of plants 
collected here is given: 
Juniperus communis L. Prunus pennsylvanica L. f. 
» sabina L. Potentilla arguta Pursh. 
Pinus Banksiana Lamb. (= P. divari- | Prunus pumila 
cata Ait.). Rubus strigosus Michx. 
Sorbussambucifolia Man. ed.6 (=Pirus 
sitchensis Roem.). 
»  resinosa Ait. 
Agrostis hiemalis Walt. 
Calamagrostis canadensis Michx. Spiraea salicifolia L. 
Elymus canadensis L. Lathyrus maritimus L. 
 Carex filiformis L. Rhus radicans L. 
» scoparia Schk. Hudsonia tomentosa Nutt. 
Eleocharis palustris L. Oenothera (Onagra) biennis 5; 
Eleocharis tenuis Willd. Cornus sericea L. (= C. amomum 
Juncus canadensis J. Gay. Mill.). 
» tenuis Willd. Fraxinus americana L. 
Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Sambucus racemosa L. (= S. pubens 
Salix discolor Muhl. 
ic 
Betula glandulosa Michx. Campanula rotundifolia 1: 
Celtis occidentalis ” Artemisia canadensis Michx. 
Oxybaphus (Alli . Iny ; ei Riss | > caudata Michx. 
3) MacMırran, Conway: Observations on the Distributions of Plants along Shore at Lake 
of Woods. Minnesota Botanical Studies Bulletin 9, Parts X and XI: 989—993- 
