Lake Distriet: Adirondack Area. 403 
and the shrubs Andromeda polifolia, Betula pumila, Yaceinium macrocarpon, V. oxycoccus, Pirus 
melanocarpa (= Aronia nigra) and Nemopanthes fascicula 
Surrounding the bog north of Delhi in the Huron Valley is a circum- 
area on the floating margin of the bog substratum. Typka latıfolia grows 
at the outer edge while Zyonia calyculata, 3 Sphagnum-species, Carex filiformis, 
Eriophorum polystachyon and Salix myrtilloides are the most frequent plants. 
Assoeciated with the above are Carex oligosperma, Menyanthes trifoliata, Comarum palustre, 
br A 
Elodea campanulat arme regalis, Onoelea sensibilis, Rumex britannica, Asclepias incarnata, 
Viola SER vr b alium aparine, Scu tellaria galericulata, Dulichium spathaceum and 
the mosses Hypnum a H. Schreberi, Aulacomnium palustre. 
Belonging to this circumarea, but almost distinet as an outer circumarea, 
are found an association of tall shrubs: Vaccinium corymbosum, Gaylussacia ve- 
sinosa, Pirus melanocarpa, Nemopanthes fascicularis, Betula glandulosa and 
Prunus serotina. 
The tamarack circumarea next succeeds on the outher drier edge of 
the bogs. Larir americana is found however as an occasional occupant of 
the inner circumarea. These trees in the outer edge of the bogs come to 
overshade the shrubs and form an almost pure growth, but with the trees are 
often associated Vemopanthes, Pirus melanocarpa, Lyonia (Cassandra), Osmunda 
cinnamomea and regalis, Nephrodium spinulosum var. intermedium, N. cristatum, 
such mosses as Polytrichum juniperinum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Thuidium 
recognitum, Aulacomnium palustre, Marchantia polymorpha, Sphagnum cymbi- 
folium and such funguses as Boletinus porosus and Thelephora intybacea. 
b) Adirondack Area. 
The Adirondack mountains (compare Part. II, p. 104) are of considerable ele- 
vation somewhat rugged in outline. There are few lofty inaccessible cliffs but 
instead rounded easily scaled hills and mountain peaks, the roundness of which 
has undoubtediy been increased by the scouring action of the ice of the 
Glacial period, which overrode the highest peaks of these mountains. Mt. 
Tahawus (Mt. Marcy) is the highest peak 5,344 feet (1630 m) and Mt. McIntyre 
comes next 5,112 feet (1560 m). Fresh water lakes abound in this area, some 
of large size. 
1. The Forest Formations. 
Deciduous Forest Formation. The forest at the base of Mt. Tahawus along 
the Au Sable River and about the Au Sable lakes according to my observa- 
tions consists of the following dominant species: Betula lutea, Fagus ameri- 
cana, Tsuga canadensis, Acer saccharum, Thuja occidentalis, Pinus strobus, 
Abies balsamea, Betula Bar re while as secondary trees are Acer rubrum 
and pennsylvanicum, Populus tremuloides, Sorbus americana, and beneath the 
latter Viburnum lantanoides and Rubus odoratus. Such occupy what are known 
in Adirondack phraseology as hardwood lands which are in general ele- 
vated flats and slopes where the deciduous-leaved trees are the characteristic 
26* 
