Northern Pine Barren-Strand District. 409 
coastal strand, consisting of sand piled up by wave and wind action. The 
flora, as a consequence, has adapted itself to the edaphic conditions of such a 
region, and floristically considered it is peculiarly American composed of 
ts that have passed through the vicissitudes of the physiographic changes 
with the admixture of a small contingent of immigrant plants. 
A. Northern Pine Barren-Strand District. 
This phytogeographic district may be said to extend from the mouth of 
the Chesapeake Bay northward and northeastward to the extremity of Long 
Island contributing a few of its floral elements to the vegetation of Block Is- 
land, Marthas Vineyard, Nantucket and Rhode Island’). It is coincident with 
the soil formations that compose the Tertiary coastal plain east ofthe Archaean 
rocks, the edge of which is called the fall line, that represents the eastern limit 
of the Piedmont plateau. 
ı. Salt Strand-, Beach- and Dune Formations. 
Strand Formation. The strand of Long Island may be looked upon as a 
continuation of that of New Jersey. The presence of such sand beach plants 
as Ammophila arenaria, Salsola Kali, Arenaria peploides, Cakile americana, 
Hudsonia tomentosa, Solidago sempervirens, Myrica carolinensis (= M. cerifera 
Gray’s Manual), Baccharis halimifolia, Iva frutescens, and such salt marsh plants 
as Spergularia (Tissa) marina, rubra, Salicornia (3 sp.), Kosteletzkya virginica, 
Hibiscus moscheutos, Discopleura capillacea, Panicum virgatum, Spartina stricta 
and fatens etc. emphasizes the similarity of the strand Horse of Long Island 
and New Jersey (see in this chapter $ A. b. p. 38:1). The north shore of Long 
Island along the Sound is generally rocky. The steep shore lines are piles of 
glacial drift full of clay, siliceous sand, gravel and boulders of varying size. 
Just above the reach of the ordinary tides these beaches are partially covered 
with Spartina juncea interspersed with Rhus radıicans (= R. toxicodendron of 
some authors); Funiperus virginiana, Myrica carolinensis, Prunus maritima are 
' the only woody plants found here. On the more barren places back from the 
spray are tufts of Audsonia tomentosa, Cladonia rangiferina’). 
The strand flora of New Jersey is typically developed on the sandy sea is- 
lands or peninsulas separated from the mainland by open bays or extensive 
salt marshes. If we contrast the character of the flora on the northern and 
southern er of New Jersey °), we find that the formations on Barnegat beach, 
r) See in this connection HARPER, ROLAND M.: Further Remarks on the coastal plain Plants 
of New England, their History and Distribution. Rhodora VIII: 27 Feb. 1906 and his preliminary 
paper Rhodora VII: April 1905 on the same subject. 
2) DAVvENPORT, C. B.: The Fauna and Flora about Cold Spring Harbor, L. I. Science new 
ser. VIII: 688. 
3) HARSHBERGER, JoHN W.: An ecological Study of’the New Jersey Strand Flora. Proceedings 
Academy Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1900: 623—671; Additional Observations on the strand 
Flora of New Jersey. do. 1902:. 642—669, 
