Northern Pine Barren-Strand District. 413 
at their base. Pinus rigida also is a component element of the transverse 
dune complex, growing with the sassafras on the dune slopes and drier dune 
hollows. Funiperus virginiana is also abundant here. The landscape has, 
therefore, somewhat of a park-like aspect. 
e dune complex (not Hudsonia Strip) at Ocean City is a succession of 
dunes and dune hollows. Upon the top of the dunes and covering their slopes 
to some extent the marram grass, Ammoplala, has almost full sway, but 
occasionally Szeglingia purpurea, Strophostyles and Solidago sempervirens are 
associated with the above mentioned grass. e dune complex at Wildwood 
is a narrow belt (50 feet wide) of established dunes. It might be said to 
belong to the thicket formation, but for the fact that it is open. Upon the 
low dune, 4 or 5 feet high, flourish Rosa carolina, Rhus radıcans, Sieglingia 
purpurea, Phytolacca decandra, and dead, badiy wind-swept cedar trees. Im- 
mediately behind the dune front Ampelopsis, Panicum virgatum, Andropogon 
virginicus, in clumps, and Monarda punctata make up the list of conspicuous 
plants of the narrow dune complex of Wildwood Beach. Several isolated 
trees, Junziperus virginiana, Quercus obtusiloba (= O. minor) of dwarf growth 
stand here, and form the vanguard of the tree growth which so completely 
covers the higher portion of Five-mile Beach. 
Occupying zonally about the same position as the Myrica association of New Jersey there is 
found back of a second series of dunes and reaching to the forest in Delaware an area covered 
by.a thicket. It is a wilderness of Baptisia tinctoria, Rubus villosus, R. cuneifolius, R. canadensis. 
In clumps or ea are Juniperus virginiana, Diospyros virginiana, Pinus virginiana, P. rigida, Quer- 
s falcata, us maritima, P. pennsylvanica, Myrica carolinensis, Rhus copallina, Helianthemum 
a a as ol Rosa humilis. Ilex opaca and among the herbs, rare or frequent, 
Solidago juncea, S. Canadensis, Eupatorium album, E. hyssopifolium, ee ericoides, Ascyrum Crux- 
ee Asclepias er Trichostema SIE HUPORIRN Andr A us (important next to 
hila arenaria) the last associated with Agrostis alba, A. hyemalis, Eragrostis pectinacea, 
ar icum REETE P. viscidum (= P. scoparium), Poa compressa,. Lianes are almost entirely 
absent, but Cladonia rangiferina is abundant in patches, 
On Seven Mile Beach the Myrica-Strip is absent in the hollows back of 
this dune. Its place is taken by the social groups of Strophostyles 
which forms dark-green mats. In the deeper hollows, Gerardia maritima and 
Euphorbia polygonifolia may be called character plants. The dune complex 
is undulating with rising hills of sand, covered on the seaward side by Stropho- 
styles and on the landward slope are Solidago sempervirens and occasional 
clumps of Myrica carolinensis, not dominant; Oenothera humifusa, Baccharis 
halimifolia and Andropogon virginiceus. Across the area controlled by these 
herbaceous plants, the barren wind-swept strip is reached upon which no 
vegetation grows except the marram grass (Ammophila), an occasional red 
cedar, and as rare plants, PAytolacca decandra and Euphorbia polygonifolia. 
Dead trees stand up out of the sand over this zone, which is about six hun- 
dred feet wide, a forest graveyard. The forest which is being destroyed 
consists of Funiperus virginiana, Jlex opaca, Nyssa sylvatica, Prunus serotina, 
Ouercus Iyrata, Celtis occidentalis, Ouercus phellos, Acer rubrum, Diospyros 
