420 Part IV. Chapter 2. 
where a fresh-water spring bubbles up the recently rediscovered Lilaeopsis lineata, first collected 
by Tnomas NUTTALL at this place N), 
Bay-beach Formation. This formation and its ecologic constitution was 
studied only at Sea Side Park. At exceptionally high tides the whole beach 
is subject to tidal action, but ordinarily, high-water mark is removed several 
feet from the limit of vegetation. Along Barnegat Bay large quantities of 
eel-grass, Vallisneria spiralis, is washed ashore. At low-tide mark it is still 
green, but at high-tide mark it has become dry, hay-like, and of a choco- 
late-brown color. The supply is derived from the fresh-water rivers which 
empty into Barnegat Bay. The high beach, out of reach of ordinary tides, 
supports the following plants: Amaranthus retroflexus, Suaeda linearis vat. 
ramosa, Chenopodium album, Salsola kalı, Atriplex hastatum, Cakile amert- 
cana, Xanthium canadense, Erechtites hieracifolia and Spartina patens, which 
is extremely abundant. 
Barnegat Bay and many similar ones along the Jersey coast are practically 
free from aquatic vegetation, such as Zostera marina, Fucus vesiculosus, Vallıs- 
neria spiralis, etc., which may contribute material to fill up the bay with vegetal 
detritus. The water in physical constitution oscillates between two extremes, 
salt and fresh. If the barrier between the sea and the lagoon is at times closed, 
so that the water in the bays become fresh, the result is that plants which are 
especially adapted to the production of salt marshes are killed by the fresh 
waters, while the occasional invasion of salt water during storms by way of the 
dune hollows and stronger tides through the inlets destroys the fresh- water 
plants, which might otherwise establish a swamp. By these alternations some 
of the largest bays have been kept open, although in many places shallow in the 
extreme. ARuppia maritima, as it grows in Barnegat Bay, seems to be the 
only species which has succeeded in adapting itself to such fluctuating con- 
ditions. It has been referred to as the character plant of the shallower waters 
of that bay in about 12—ı8 inches depth of the sandy bottom, and with the 
consideration of the above facts its probable future role in preparing the way 
for other adaptive hydrophytes becomes evident. (Ruppia Shelf.) 
2. Pine Barren Formation. 
The northward extension of the pine barren flora on Long Island and Staten 
Island has been studied by BRITTON and HARrPER?). The soil of the region 
is generally sandy, but is occasionally firm where strata of clay approach and. 
form the surface. The geologic formations to the south and southeast of a line 
drawn from a point below Long Branch to another near the head of Delaware 
1) Von einer neuen wertvollen Abhandlung von Dr. HARSHBERGER kann hier nur noch der 
Titel beigefügt werden: The Vegetation of the Salt Marshes and of the Salt and Fresh Water 
Fo of northern coastal New Jersey; Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sciences of Philadelphia Aug. 1909 
(issued Oct. 1909), 373—400. Hier ist sehr genaue Untersuchung der edaphischen Bedingungen. 
(Drude.) 
2) HARPER, R. M.: The Pine-barrens of Babylon and Islip, Long Island. Torreya VII: 1—9. 
