Northern Pine Barren-Strand District. 421 
Bay are Tertiary, while those to the north of it are Cretaceous. The Tertiary 
soils extend southward along the Atlantic to Florida. As the soil over both 
the Cretaceous and Tertiary is composed of similar materials, it is impossible 
to say, from surface indications, where one ends and the other begins. On 
Long Island, the great terminal moraine occupies a position marked by a 
range of hills extending throughout its whole length at an average distance 
of ten miles from the Atlantic. South of these hills sandy plains prevail, the 
material composing them having been formed partly from the modified drift 
of the hills, partly from the underlying Cretaceous strata. 
n Suffolk County these plains are een with Pinus rigida which is dominant associated 
with Quer alba, Q. coceinea, Q. obtusiloba (= Q. minor), and an undergrowth of Q. ilicifolia, 
Q. ides, Andromeda mariana, Gayinigare resinosa, Rhus copallina, Comptonia asplenifolia, 
en va-ursi and a number of herbs. 
Those species detected on the Cretaceous soils of Staten Island in the extreme southern part 
and not on the drift, are thirty-four in number: Magnolia glauca, Hudsonia ericoides, Ascyrum 
Crux-Andreae, Arenaria squarrosa, Rubus SUBCHURUN, Polygala lutea, Tephrosia virginiana, Des- 
modium laevigatum, D, viridiflorum, Crataegus parvifolia, Eupatorium rotnndifo lium, Aster nemoralis, 
Aster ern Chrysopsis mariana, Gnaphalium purpureum, Gaylussacia dumosa, Andromed 
(Pieris) mariana, Kalmia angustifolia, Ipomoea rege Phlox subulata, Adslepias obtusifolia, 
en he Quercus marylandica, (= Q. nigra), Q. prinoides, Q. phellos, Pr 
implex, Juncus scirpoides var. macrostemon, Xyris des, Cyperus eylindricus, Stipa avenacea, 
Glyce eria obtusa, Panicum verrucosum, Andropogon mac s, Lyeopodium inundatum ?). 
Of these Ba. the following have been detect er in fiolk County, Long Island: Pteris 
aquilina, Tephrosia virginiana, Baptisia tinctoria, Lespedeza hirta, Desmodium viridiflorum, Rubus 
euneifolius, Ipomoea pandurata, Gerardia pedicularia, Phlox subulata, Drosera filiformis, nz 
stans, Sericocarpus conyzoides, S. linifolius, Eupatorium hyssopifolium, Eupatorium leucole ei ; a- 
torium album, Aster spectabilis, A. concolor, Solidago puberula, S. bicolor, Chry we 
mariana, Helianthus angustifolia, Coreopsis rosea, Utdealure subulata, Cunhee eh thyoides 
(= sphaeroidea), Juncus pelocarpus, Xyris caroliniana, Eleocharis melanocarpa, Sporobolus serotinus. 
Thus it appears that thirty four of these dr pine Bake plants grow in the southern 
part of Staten Island, and that a large contingent of them have been detected in Suflolk County, 
Long Island, 
Grass Plain Formation. Prairie-like A (locally the Hempstead plains), are found in 
west central Long Island. Here Andropogon scoparius, rysopogon eig uncus Greenei 
form the character plants with which are associated Andromeda mariana, Gaylussacia resinosa, 
Tephrosia virginiana, Lechea villosa, Aletris farinosa, Viola pedata, Polygala eruciata, P. Nuttallii, 
Bartonia tenella, Solidago puberula, Antennaria neglecta and small isolated trees of Betula opaik: 
folia, Populus tremuloides. In general these plains resemble the bunch grass prairies of the 
prairie region. In the valley of Meadow Brook, which crosses the plains, a swamp and a thicket 
occur. The ticket shrubs are Rhus vernix, Vaecinium corymbosum, Viburnum dentatum while the 
swamp plants include Dulichium spathaceum, Polygonum sagittatum, Eriophorum gracile, etc. 
These species show a tendency to follow the course of the two more re- 
cent geologic formations throughout their whole extent along the Atlantic 
coast. Another fact, which stands out prominently in this connection, is that 
not a single one of the above mentioned plants, growing, as we have seen, 
along the edge of the glacial drift, is native of Europe, but belong to a true 
ı) Cf. N. L. Brırton, On the northward Extension of the N. J. pine Barrens on Long and 
Staten Islands. Bulletin Torrey Botan. Club, VII, 81. July 1880, 
