Northern Pine Barren-Strand District. 495 
marl belt of the state but it also zn erosses the line and becomes an element of the pine 
barren forest. Finally Pinus taeda reaches Cape May Co r New Jersey in a few individuals 
associated with Quercus alba, Q. ilicifolia, - falcata, Q. phellos, Q. rubra and scattered trees of 
Pinus inops and P, rigida and a typic pine barren undergrowih n, ‚ 
Quercus Association. The oaks form an association called locally oak 
barrens. Here Ouercus alba, O. obtusiloba, O. marylandica, O. Prinus, O. coc- 
cinea, O.tlicifolia are prominent and they sometimes encroach on the pine 
forest, and when the pine is cut down it is replaced by an oak thicket. Ori- 
ginally the oaks rapidly diminished in numbers toward the center of the pine 
barrens. As an element of this association especially along streams in dry 
ground are found Ziguidambar styraciflua, Sassafras, Clethra, Ilex opaca, 
Amelanchier, Funiperus virginiana, Rhododendron nudiflorum. On the Nyssa 
trees settles Phoradendron flavescens, while as lianes are Smilar rotundifolia, 
Ampelopsis, Clematis virginiana, Celastrus scandens. 
Open stretches of country known locally as the plains consist of a rolling 
sand surface covered by dwarf trees of Pinus rigida, Quercus :licifolia, O. 
marylandica, scarcely over two or three feet high. Here the laurel, Kalmia 
latifolia, luxuriates associated with Corema Conradii, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 
and Apigaea repens. 
3. Swamp-, Bog- and Pond-Formations. 
Cedar Swamp Formation. This formation is characterized by the white cedar 
Chamaecyparis thyoides (= sphaeroidea). It grows in dense masses along fresh 
water streams. Associated with this tree are Magnolia glauca, Acer rubrum, 
Azalea viscosa, Itea virginica, Ilex verticillata, I. glabra, Clethra alnifolia, 
Gaylussacia frondosa. Usnea barbata hangs from the trees and other lichens 
cover the stems and branches, while sphagnum forms cushions at the base 
of the trees. In sandy open places of small extent or about the bases of the 
cedar trees in sphagnum, notably at Island Heights Junction, at Forked River 
at Chatsworth and Quaker Bridge is found the rare and local Schisaca pusilla, 
associated with Zycopodium carolinianum and Drosera rotundifolia, intermedia 
and filiformis. In such swamps also grow Orontium aguaticum, Eriocaulon, 
Osmunda cinnamomea, O. regalis and Sarracenia Purpurea. 
The cedar swamps in Long Island according to Harrer and BicKNELL (Torreya VII: 198, 
27) oecur in a few localities along the south shore of the island. Here are associated with 
the white cedar Sassafras officinale (a foot in diameter), Acer rubrum and the following shrubs 
and herbs: Viburnum dentatum, Kalmia wre Clethra alnifolia, ne. nudicanlis, pelopsis 
quinquefolia, Nemopanthes faseicularis, Rhus radicans, Rubus us hispidus, Maianthemum er. 
Arisaema triphyllum, Symplocarpus foetidus, we folliculata, rohen lueidulum, 
regalis, OÖ. cinnamomea, Woodwardia are Be Trientalis americana, Azalea viscosa and er en 
frondosa. 
Hardwood Swamp Formation. The hardwood swamps along streams, or nr. 
in low places through the pine barrens usually contain Acer rubrum, Liquidambar styraciflua, Nyssa 
sylvatica, Magnolia glauca, Rhus venenata, Clethra alnifolia, Vaceinium corymbosum, Ilex une 
ı) Horzick, ARTHUR: The old field Pine in New Jersey. Plant World I. 24. Nov. 1807. 
