Carolinian Pine Barren-Strand District. 499 
occupies the pools among the rushes — Herpestis monniera, Eleocharis mutata 
and glaucescens, Paspalum distichum. 
Typha Association. This association covers rather wide strips in nearly 
pure association especially near the upper limit of brackish water along streams 
in Virginia. — Spartina juncea Association. This forms dense meadow- 
like areas on the salt marshes in Virginia, and breaks the usually uninterrupted 
stretches of the Juncus Roemerianus Association. Spartina patens (= S. juncea) 
is the chief species associated in midsummer with Sadbdatia stellaris, Fimbri- 
stylis spadicea and clumps of the grass Panicum virgatum. — Bac RR Hi- 
biscus-Association. A number of species are mostly at home in the wet 
soil at the inner edge of the salt marshes whence they stray into the other 
associations. Most important of these is Baccharis halimifolia, Hibiscus mo- 
scheutos, Borrichia frutescens, only occasional in Virginia, although common 
farther south along the coast. Panicum virgatum in clumps is also a con- 
spicuous feature of marsh borders as also Kosteletzkya virginica, Mikania 
(Willugbaea) scandens, Rumex verticillatus, Pluchea camphorata, Atriplex 
hastatum. 
The lack of space enables us only to mention the Dune Marsh Formation which cover 
limited areas of wet _. in seine among the dunes on Ocracoke Island, N. C. with the 
most characteristic species of Herpestis monniera, Lippia nodiflora, associated with klei 
umbellata, Centella asiatica,. Diodia virginiana; then the Tidal Flat Form ation, an op 
formation occupying the margins of shallow lagoons at the end of Ocracoke Island, North ee: 
with the soil as a mixture of silt and sand and an association of a sparse growth of Sesuvium 
pentandrum, Spergularia (Tissa) marina and Scirpus Bene TORE by the Strand Formation 
of Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia and Florida, where other parts of the world, the well 
marked topographie feature, the sand strand, is occupied ei a sparse vegetation, in open form 
i. e,, where the individual plants mostly grow far enough apart to leave much of the soil vitbie 
aniong them, 
Beach Formation. In the Dismal Swamp region in Virginia at Virginia 
Beach, according to my observations and those of KEARNEY), the lower and 
middle beaches are almost destitute of plants except Zostera marina which 
has been thrown up by the waves. The upper beach, however, is characte- 
rized by a growth of Cakile americana, Salsola Kali, Arenaria peploides and 
a scattered growth of Ammophila arenaria. 
The plant associations of the sand strand of Lynnhaven Bay are less exposed to the wind 
than the shores of the Chesapeake and the open Atlantic and they are therefore somewhat different. 
The narrow strip of beach is in front of an abrupt bank upon the top of which is found the 
edge of the inland forest. The outer beach Fe a growth of Ammophila arenaria, Panicum 
amarum, je Kali, Cakile americana, Hudsonia tomentosa, Lechea maritima, Spartina juncea, 
nch ides var, maoroegha. Several leguminous plants also occupy the beach: Stro- 
phone äh Centrosema virgini 
long Pamlico Sound in North Se, according to KEARNEY?) the gently sloping sandy 
1) KEARNEY, THOMAS H.: Nass on a botanical Survey of the Dismal Swamp Region, 
Contributions U. S. National Herbarium 1901, 368. 
2) —— Tuomas H.: The plant en of Ocracoke Island. Contributions U. S. National 
Herbarium 1900 V: 270. 
