432 Part IV. Chapter 2. 
claytonia, Panicum ciliatum, Polytrichum commune and small quantities of peat 
mosses. 
The summit of the bluff along Lynn Haven in the Dismal Swamp neighborhood is occupied 
by the edge of the island forest. x prevailing pine is Pinus mitis (=P. echinata). At other 
points Pinus taeda predominates, her characteristic trees are Quercus obtusiloba, Q. falcata, 
Diospyros virginiana, and Carya porcina (= Hicoria glabra), Myrica ren nsis, Rhus copallina, 
Symplocos tinctoria, Persea pubescens, Quercus falcata form in places thickets at the foot of the 
bank. Tillandsia usneoides a the trees. Of lianes there are Smilas ax bona-nox, Tecoma 
radicans, ‚Rhus radicans. In the open pine woods at the foot of this bank are swards of Festuca 
rubra, clumps of Panicum are and numbers of Yucca filamentosa, Opuntia . In the 
more elevated pine woods occurs a scanty herbaceous flora of Tragia urens, Jatropha stimulosa, 
 Desmodium strietum, Sporobolus asper, Chrysopsis graminifolia, Galium hispidulum, ER ongi- 
folia, Helianthemum canadense, Rubus trivialis. 
Quercus virginiana Association. Scattered over Ocracoke Island, 
KEARNEY states there are small groves of Ouercus virginiana (= O. virens) 
either in pure association or mixed with other trees. The branches gnarled 
and twisted are clad with Usnea barbata and small wisps of 7illandsia usneoides. 
Associated with the oaks are small trees of Myrica cerifera, Zanthoxylum, 
Jlex, Funiperus and lianas. 
The herbaceous members of this association are in the smaller groves: Chloris petraea, Physalis 
viscosa, Diodia teres and in the larger groves where the light is more diffused and humus colleets 
Oplismenus setarius, Asplenium ebeneum, Uniola nn Panicum laxiflorum and two mosses on 
the ground Bryum argenteum, Rhynchostegium serrulatum 
Ilex Cassine Association. Thickets of Wer vomitoria (= I. Cassine) 
on Ocracoke Island cover the low dunes of the inner side of the island. 
The branches of this shrub are shaggy with Ramalina montagnei. Associates 
of the Üexr are Myrica carolinensis, Parietaria debilis, and Melothria pendula 
with twining stems. Inside of the dune formation on Bogue Bank near Beau- 
fort, N. C. the strand forest formation consists of a scrubby forest made up 
chiefly of Ouercus virginiana (= O.virens), Ilex opaca, Morus rubra, Persea 
carolinensis, Carpinus caroliniana, Funiperus virginiana and Pinus taeda. The 
shrubby undergrowth consists of Myrica gale, Ilex glabra, I. cassine. 
The distribution of species here is an largely upon the level of the surface. Pinus, 
iperus, Morus oceur chiefly in elevated places while Ilex opaca, Carpinus and Persea with the 
three species of Quercus oceupy the hollows > en trees are everywhere overgrown with dense 
tangles of Berchemia volubilis, Vitis rotundifolia, Rhus toxicodendron, Ampelopsis quinquefolia, 
Smilax bona-nox, S. rotandifolie, Cissus stans, Melothria pendula. Where the growth is densest 
ae DCRUR: Polypodium incanum, forms straggling clumps, usually on the live oak, species of 
Frullan iochlaena, Lejeunia and Archilejeunia form reddish or yellowish patches on the trunks 
of the tröih with lichens of the genera Parmelia, Ramalina, Placodium, Buellia, Lecidea and Usnea 
barbata with a bright red lichen Trypthelium eruentum. 
Palmetto Formation. Sabal Adansonii (= S. glabra), present on these banks 
borders pools of muddy water beneath which are dense patches of Saururus 
cernuus (Saururus Association), Sagittaria lancifolia together with Nephro- 
dium thelypteris, Onoclea sensibilis, Osmunda regalis (Sagittaria Association). 
