Carolinian Pine Barren-Strand District. 435 
the prevailing pine (Pinus Taeda Facies)‘).;, To the north of Tar River, 
except on the porous and highly silicious soils where pure and uninterrupted 
growths of Pinus palustris occurred, the original forests were composed of 
alternating belts of Pinus mitis (= P, echinata) (Pinus mitis Facies) and 
Pinus Taeda (Pinus Taeda Facies). Pinus mitis with a subordinate growth 
of broad-leaf trees, largely oaks, dominated the crests and grew on the drier 
and more gravelly soils; while on the lower, moister, loamy soils Pinus Taeda 
as a rule formed a pure growth sometimes associated with broad-leaf trees. 
Pinus palustris crosses the Roanoke River extending in small groves about 
as far north as the southeastern boundary of Virginia, a few trees occurring 
in the pine forests, as far, as Chesapeake Bay. The low pine barrens within 
the tide water area of the coast which consists of forests of Pinus palustris 
which occupy the poorly drained grassy flats are very open interrupted by 
swamps densely covered with cypress and other trees. The rolling pine lands, 
pine hills or pine barrens proper are the true home of Pinus palustris?”). On 
the Atlantic coast these uplands rise to hills over 600 feet in height. Thus 
spreading out in extensive table-lands, these hills are covered exclusively with 
forests of Pinus palustris for many hundreds of square miles without 
interruption. Here it reigns supreme. 
The forests of this tree in South Carolina follow more closely the coast 
line with an extension inland averaging ı00 miles. In the low perfectiy level 
pine barrens covered by Serenoa serrulata, Pinus serotina, and a stunte 
growth of Pinus Taeda and P. cubensis, Pinus palustris is rarely seen. In the 
flat woods bordering the alluvial swamps Pinus palustris becomes more frequent 
and finally prevails on the sandy ridges associated with Owercus Catesbaei, 
O. cinerea and O. falcata. In Georgia the pine barren proper forms a vast 
plain covered exclusively by Pinus palustris beneath which is the wire grass 
Aristida stricta. This area merges into the flat woods or savannas of the 
coast plain. 
The Atlantic pine region extends into Florida between the Suwanee River 
and the Atlantic coast as far south as St. Augustine where Pinus palustris 
is less common and inferior in size being replaced by Pinus caribaca 
(= cubensis) which forms open forests associated with Serenoa serrulata, the 
saw palmetto (See plate VI at page 306). In the central section of the 
peninsula with its numerous lakes Pinus palustris is largely associated with 
the sand pine, Pinus clausa, and hard woods prevail on the upland hammock 
lands. 
Near the edge of the Piedmont Plateau this forest merges into one of 
mixed growth. The short leaf pine Pinus mitis rather sparingly distributed 
in the pine barrens of the south. With the appearance of Pinus palustris 
1) WARD, LESTER F.: Notes on the Flora of eastern Virginia. Botanical Gazette 1886 XI: 33. 
2) MoHrR, CHARLES: The timber Pines of the southern United States. Division of Forestry 
U. S. Department Agriculture 1896. Bulletin No. 13. 
23* 
