438 Part IV. Chapter 2. 
Serenoa serrulata, Ilex glabra, Vaccinium nitidum, Gaylussacia frondosa, G. dumosa, Quercus 
pumila, Myrica cerifera var. pumila, Hypericum opacum, H. myrtifolium etc. Perennial herbs pre- 
dominate and the trees belong to the genus Pinus. Most of the shrubs are evergreen and there 
seem to be no vines or parasites. 
The dry pine barren occupies the summits and upper slopes of all the ridges and con- 
stitutes at least half the area of the whole Altamaha Grit. Only four or five herbaceous vines 
ur and the adoptations of many of the plants is to reduce transpiration. Flowers seem to be 
most abundant in June, € flora of these barrens consists of Pinus palustris associated with 
Quercus cinerea, Q. Catesbaei, Q. marylandica, Q. falcata, Q. Margaretta, Diospyros virginiana, 
Ceanothus etc. 
Central peninsular Florida is a lake region. There are five well 
marked areas, the flora of each being different, viz., high pine land, scrub 
land, low pine land, bay heads and hammocks. The high pine land is 
covered by Pinus palustris associated with Ouercus Catesbaei, O. cinerea, Ilex 
glabra and dahoon, Andromeda (Pieris) nitida, A. speciosa, while on the ground 
underneath are many herbaceous plants ’). 
The scrub flora is different and antagonistic to that of the high pine land. 
Pinus clausa is the prevailing tree. Ceratiola ericoides occurs abundantly, as also 
Persea humilis, Bumelia lanuginosa, Ximenia americana, Breweria grandiflora, 
Rhynchospora dodecandra, while Smilax Beyrichii climbs all over the scrub oaks 
and is the only one of this genus observed growing in the scrub. 
The flora of the low pine land is not so distinct because it grades into 
that of the high pine land. Pinus serotina, P. caribaca (= P. cubensis = P. 
heterophylla) are the prevailing trees. Some of the species peculiar to this 
formation are Podostigma pedicellata, Bejaria racemosa, Rhexia ciliosa, R. serru- 
lata, Bletia verecunda, Aristida stricta and Andropogon floridanus. 
Where the clay tops the sand ;‚ hammocks occur. Ouercus virginiana 
(= 0. virens) is the principal tree with Sadal Palmetto (see plate IX) on the 
trunk of which grow Polypodium incanım and Vittaria lineata, associated with. 
Sabal Adansoni. 
Er 
RER, 
Hammock Formation. In east Florida the vegetation of the hammocks consists of 
Lobelia Cliffortiana, Vicia micrantha, Ilysanthes grandiflora, Mieromeria Brownei, Eryngium Bald- 
winii, Samolus valerandi var. americanus, Nephrodium (Aspidium) patens, Blechnum serrulatum 
and as epiphytes Tillandsia juncea, T. utriculata, Along meandering streams are dense thickets 
composed of Chionanthus virginicus, Magnolia glauca, Aronia (Pyrus) arbutifolia var. erythrocarpa, 
Amorpha fruticosa, Bignonia capreolata, Leucothoö racemosa, Decumaria barbara and Smilax 
Walteri2), 
Probably to be included in this formation are the sand hammocks of the Georgia Alta- 
maha Grit Region described by Harrer. The soil of these hammocks is Columbia sand mixed 
with varying amounts of humus,. The higher hammocks perhaps resemble the *scrub” of Florida. 
The constituent plants are Quercus Catesbaei, Q. laurifolia, Magnolia grandiflora, Ilex opaca, 
Osmanthus americana, Pinus palustris (higher ground), P. glabra, Cornus florida, Hamamelis vir- 
giniana, Gelsemium sempervirens, Asimina parviflora, Amelanchier canadensis etc. Here the pro- 
GEN Se 
By. 
ı) Nast, GEo. V.: Notes on some Florida Plants. Bulletin Torrey Botanical Club XXI: 
144— 147. 
2) GARBER, A. P.: Botanical Rambles in east Florida, Botanical Gazette 1877 II: 70, 102. 
